Q: The sodium-potassium pump (Na+-K+ ATPase) is essential for maintaining the resting membrane potential. Which equation best represents the energy requirement for this pump?

$$ \mathrm{ATP} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + \text{energy} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Fluid Mosaic Model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A double bilayer of lipids with embedded, dispersed proteins that move freely.

Question 2

A patient receives an intravenous solution that causes their red blood cells to shrink. Which type of solution was most likely administered?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic solution

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production via aerobic respiration and contains its own DNA?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

Which of the following membrane junctions allows for the passage of ions and small molecules directly between adjacent cells, such as in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 5

A cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. What is the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell cytosol?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 6

Which process requires energy in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 7

The sodium-potassium pump (Na+-K+ ATPase) is essential for maintaining the resting membrane potential. Which equation best represents the energy requirement for this pump?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{ATP} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P_i} + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 8

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for resisting pulling forces and is attached to desmosomes?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments

Question 9

A genetic disorder results in the accumulation of glycogen in lysosomes, leading to cardiomegaly and hypotonia. Which disease is this?

Accepted Answer

Pomp’s disease

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification, concentration, and packaging of proteins

Question 11

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for joining together short segments of the lagging strand?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of harmful substances and neutralization of free radicals

Question 13

Which type of RNA carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Question 14

A cell in the G0 phase of the cell cycle is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Ceased dividing and in a quiescent state

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why water moves into a cell placed in a hypotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

Water moves down its concentration gradient into the cell

Question 16

Which process involves the engulfment of large particles by the cell through the formation of pseudopods?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of microvilli on the surface of intestinal epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Increase surface area for absorption

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the resting membrane potential (RMP) of a typical cell?

Accepted Answer

It results from diffusion and active transport of ions, mainly K+.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of translation in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Assembling amino acids into a polypeptide chain based on mRNA sequence

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life example of exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Release of neurotransmitters from a neuron

chapter three - cells : the living units

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