Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the mitochondria within a typical human cell?

Accepted Answer

Generation of most cellular ATP through aerobic respiration

Question 2

A cell is observed to have an unusually high number of lysosomes. Which physiological process is most likely to be enhanced in this cell?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of bacteria and old organelles

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structure of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It contains a bilayer of phospholipids with embedded proteins and cholesterol

Question 4

Which process requires energy input from ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 5

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium by extending its membrane around it, forming a vesicle. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why channel proteins are necessary for facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

They allow polar or charged molecules to cross the hydrophobic membrane

Question 7

If a cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than its cytoplasm, what will happen to the cell due to diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink

Question 8

Which organelle is primarily responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi complex

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the equilibrium condition for diffusion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$C_{inside} = C_{outside}$

Question 10

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional voltage-gated channel proteins. Which physiological process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Generation and propagation of electrical signals in neurons

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA $\rightarrow$ RNA $\rightarrow$ Protein

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ATP

Question 13

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

It uses membrane proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes membrane fluidity and structure

Question 15

A cell is observed to be actively secreting neurotransmitters. Which process is most likely responsible for this activity?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A pairs with T, C pairs with G

Question 17

Which of the following is a multi-step process that involves the cytoskeleton and ATP to engulf large particles?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE about the cytoplasm of a cell?

Accepted Answer

It contains cytosol, organelles, and inclusions

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating the net movement of molecules by diffusion?

Accepted Answer

$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$

Question 20

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of active transport compared to passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires energy input, usually from ATP

Cells, Tissues & Organs I: Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions