Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the plasmalemma (cell membrane) in human cells?

Accepted Answer

It regulates exchange with the environment and provides physical isolation.

Question 2

A liver cell is exposed to high levels of hydrogen peroxide. Which organelle is most responsible for detoxifying this substance, and what enzyme does it contain?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome; contains catalase

Question 3

Which of the following organelles is classified as nonmembranous and is directly involved in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 4

A cell is observed to have an extensive network of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for secretion

Question 5

Which equation best represents the reaction catalyzed by peroxisomes in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

$2H_2O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O + O_2$

Question 6

Which of the following structures increases the surface area of the cell membrane to enhance absorption?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli

Question 7

A cell is unable to package and ship proteins for secretion. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 8

Which type of intercellular junction prevents the movement of water and solutes between adjacent cells in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Tight junction

Question 9

During phagocytosis, which organelle fuses with the phagocytic vacuole to digest engulfed particles?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why the cell membrane is described as a phospholipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

It consists of two layers of phospholipids with hydrophobic tails facing inward and hydrophilic heads facing outward.

Question 11

A patient’s skin cells are found to have defective desmosomes. Which symptom would most likely result from this defect?

Accepted Answer

Decreased structural integrity and increased skin blistering

Question 12

Which organelle is considered the 'control center' of the cell and contains genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 13

If a cell’s lysosomes rupture, what is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will undergo autolysis and die.

Question 14

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP, the main energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER synthesizes proteins; smooth ER synthesizes lipids, steroids, and carbohydrates.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of gap junctions in intercellular attachment?

Accepted Answer

Permit direct diffusion of ions and small molecules between cells

Question 17

A cell is observed to have many free ribosomes in its cytoplasm. What is the most likely function of these ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Synthesize proteins for use within the cell

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the cytoskeleton in the cell?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and helps maintain cell shape.

Question 19

Which organelle is most abundant in cells that require high energy, such as muscle cells, and why?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria; because they produce ATP through cellular respiration

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a membranous organelle?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Cellular Anatomy: Structure and Function of the Cell

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