Question 1

Which of the following organelles is responsible for producing ATP, the primary energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 2

A liver cell is exposed to high levels of hydrogen peroxide. Which organelle is most likely to increase its activity to protect the cell?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 3

Which structure increases the surface area of the cell membrane to enhance absorption of materials from the extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli

Question 4

A cell is observed to have a large number of ribosomes attached to its endoplasmic reticulum. What is the primary function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for export

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification and packaging of proteins

Question 6

If a cell's lysosomes rupture, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will undergo autolysis and die

Question 7

Which type of junction prevents the movement of water and other molecules between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junction

Question 8

A cell is found to have abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Lipid and steroid synthesis

Question 9

Which organelle contains catalase and is especially abundant in liver cells for detoxification?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane (plasmalemma)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins

Question 11

A cell is observed to have many desmosomes. In which tissue type is this cell most likely found?

Accepted Answer

Superficial layers of the skin

Question 12

Which organelle is considered the 'control center' of the cell and contains chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 13

Which of the following is a nonmembranous organelle involved in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 14

During phagocytosis, which organelle fuses with the phagocytic vacuole to digest engulfed particles?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 15

Which equation best represents the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide by peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

$2H_2O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O + O_2$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of gap junctions?

Accepted Answer

Permit free diffusion of ions and small molecules between cells

Question 17

A cell is observed to have a large number of free ribosomes. What is the most likely function of these ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for use within the cell

Question 18

Which organelle is described as the 'FedEx' or 'packaging and shipping center' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and shape to the cell

Question 20

Which organelle is most likely to be abundant in cells that secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Cellular Anatomy: Structure and Function of the Cell

Study Guide - Practice Questions