Question 1

Which of the following statements is NOT a tenet of the modern cell theory?

Accepted Answer

Cells can survive independently outside of any organism.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. Which of the following is found OUTSIDE the cell?

Accepted Answer

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

Question 3

Which membrane lipid is primarily responsible for forming the bilayer structure of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 4

A cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell and eventually bursts. What type of solution is this?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 5

Which of the following membrane proteins is responsible for binding chemical signals and triggering internal cellular changes?

Accepted Answer

Receptors

Question 6

What is the main difference between facilitated diffusion and primary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion moves solutes down their concentration gradient without ATP, while primary active transport moves solutes against their gradient using ATP.

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents osmolarity ($$O) in $$terms of the number of non-permeating solute particles ($$n) $$and the volume of solution ($$V$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$O = \frac{n}{V}$$

Question 8

A patient receives an intravenous solution of 0.9% NaCl. What effect will this have on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will maintain their normal volume.

Question 9

Which of the following factors will NOT increase the rate of simple diffusion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing membrane permeability

Question 10

What is the role of aquaporins in osmosis?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate the passive movement of water across the membrane.

Question 11

Which type of membrane protein is most likely to be involved in the immune system's ability to distinguish self from non-self?

Accepted Answer

Cell-identity markers (glycoproteins)

Question 12

A cell uses ATP to move sodium ions out and potassium ions in, both against their concentration gradients. Which transport mechanism is this?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It modulates membrane fluidity by stiffening or loosening the membrane.

Question 14

Which process involves the engulfing and destruction of large particles by a cell, such as a white blood cell consuming bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 15

If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to its volume and why?

Accepted Answer

It will decrease because water moves out of the cell.

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about carrier-mediated transport?

Accepted Answer

Carriers exhibit specificity and saturation, reaching a transport maximum ($$T_m).$$

Question 17

Which equation best represents the relationship between the rate of diffusion ($$R) $$and membrane surface area ($$A$$), assuming other factors are constant?

Accepted Answer

$$R \propto A$$

Question 18

A cell is exposed to a solution with a higher concentration of nonpermeating solutes than its cytoplasm. What term describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of cell-adhesion molecules (CAMs)?

Accepted Answer

Mechanically linking cells to each other and to extracellular material

Question 20

Which of the following mechanisms is used by cells to take in droplets of extracellular fluid containing useful molecules?

Accepted Answer

Pinocytosis

Cellular Form and Function: Structure and Transport Mechanisms

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