Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between passive and active transport across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Passive transport moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy input, while active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell and eventually bursts. Which type of solution was the cell placed in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic solution

Question 3

Which process is responsible for the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 4

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain (oxidative phosphorylation)

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why glucose is the preferred molecule for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glucose produces the most ATP because it enters at the beginning of the process.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the net ATP yield from one molecule of glucose during aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 36ATP$$

Question 7

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a form of bulk transport?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 9

Which step in protein synthesis involves the conversion of the genetic code from DNA to mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in active transport?

Accepted Answer

ATP energizes protein carriers to move substances against their concentration gradient.

Question 11

A cell is placed in a solution and there is no net movement of water into or out of the cell. What type of solution is this?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 13

Which process is responsible for the uptake of large solid particles by a cell?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 14

Which of the following is a regulatory mechanism that controls gene expression at the transcriptional level?

Accepted Answer

Transcription factors binding to DNA

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It pumps protons to create a gradient used to produce ATP.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses protein channels or carriers to move substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 17

Which of the following equations represents the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP?

Accepted Answer

$$ADP + P_i \rightarrow ATP$$

Question 18

A mutation in a cell's checkpoint proteins causes them to ignore DNA damage. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell may divide uncontrollably, leading to cancer.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome for translation.

Question 20

Which process is responsible for the removal of introns from pre-mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Splicing

Cellular Function: Membrane Transport and Cellular Respiration

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