Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol stabilizes the membrane and reduces membrane fluidity.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink because water leaves the cell to the area of higher solute concentration.

Question 3

Which process requires energy directly from ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 4

During which phase of mitosis do the centromeres of chromatid pairs line up at the metaphase plate?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder affecting the function of lysosomes. Which cellular process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of worn-out organelles and cellular debris

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship for osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) in $$terms of solute concentration ($$C$$), gas constant ($$R$$), and temperature ($$T$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = CRT$$

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE regarding facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses membrane proteins to help polar or charged solutes move down their concentration gradient.

Question 9

Which organelle contains enzymes that use oxygen to oxidize (break down) organic substances, and is important in detoxification reactions?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 10

A cell is observed to have a large number of mitochondria. What can you infer about the cell’s function?

Accepted Answer

It is likely highly active in energy production.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two identical cells, while meiosis produces four genetically unique cells.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi complex?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 13

Which type of membrane protein is embedded within the lipid bilayer and can span the entire membrane?

Accepted Answer

Integral (transmembrane) protein

Question 14

Which process involves the movement of substances into a cell via vesicles formed from the plasma membrane, triggered by binding to specific receptors?

Accepted Answer

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing DNA

Question 16

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. What is the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why macromolecules cannot pass through the plasma membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

They are too large and require vesicular transport.

Question 18

Which organelle is responsible for destroying unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins by cutting them into small peptides?

Accepted Answer

Proteasome

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is the combined difference in concentration of chemicals and charge across the membrane.

Question 20

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Cellular Level of Organization – Principles of Anatomy & Physiology (Chapter 3 Study Notes)

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