Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why the activity of an organism depends on both the individual and collective activities of its cells?

Accepted Answer

Each cell performs specific functions, and the combined actions of all cells result in the overall activity of the organism.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for the cell

Question 3

The phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane is described as amphipathic. What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

It has both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 4

Which type of membrane protein spans the entire width of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Integral protein

Question 5

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 6

Which of the following mechanisms requires ATP to move substances across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 7

The sodium-potassium exchange pump moves ions against their concentration gradients. For each ATP molecule consumed, how many sodium and potassium ions are moved?

Accepted Answer

3 sodium ions out, 2 potassium ions in

Question 8

Which of the following best describes secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

It relies on the energy stored in the concentration gradient of another substance.

Question 9

During receptor-mediated endocytosis, what is the role of the receptor?

Accepted Answer

To bind specific molecules and initiate vesicle formation

Question 10

Which organelle is primarily responsible for energy production in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 11

What is the main function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of phospholipids and steroid hormones

Question 13

Which organelle acts as the cell’s 'demolition crew' by digesting food and breaking down cellular debris?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 14

The Golgi apparatus is responsible for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Modification and packaging of secretions for exocytosis

Question 15

Which cytoskeletal component is primarily involved in cell division by forming the spindle apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 16

What is the main function of microvilli on the surface of cells in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

Increase surface area for absorption

Question 17

Which phase of the cell life cycle involves the separation and distribution of duplicated chromosomes to two daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 18

Cell differentiation is best described as:

Accepted Answer

The process by which cells become specialized based on which genes are turned off

Question 19

Which equation best represents the net ATP yield from glycolysis of one glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$2 	ext{ ATP}$

Question 20

The transmembrane potential is measured in which units?

Accepted Answer

Millivolts (mV)

Cellular Level of Organization: Structure and Function of Cells

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