Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in a human cell?

Accepted Answer

It packages secretions, enzymes, and hormones, and produces lysosomes and secretory vesicles.

Question 2

A patient’s red blood cells are observed to lack mitochondria. What is the most likely physiological reason for this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells must avoid consuming the oxygen they transport.

Question 3

Which of the following organelles is directly responsible for the synthesis of proteins that are exported out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 4

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. Predict what will happen to the cell and explain why.

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink because water moves out of the cell.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why microvilli are abundant in cells lining the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

They increase the cell’s surface area for absorption of nutrients.

Question 6

A scientist observes a cell with a large number of peroxisomes. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of harmful substances and breakdown of fatty acids

Question 7

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It involves carrier proteins that transport molecules down their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 8

During active transport via the sodium-potassium pump, which of the following correctly describes the movement of ions?

Accepted Answer

$$3 \ \mathrm{Na}^+$$ are pumped out of the cell and $$2 \ \mathrm{K}^+$$ are pumped into the cell$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

They break down damaged organelles and foreign particles.

Question 10

A cell is observed to have an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum and numerous ribosomes. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis and export of proteins

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It consists of two layers of phospholipids with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of pinocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell forms deep pockets that fill with extracellular fluid and pinches off to transport the fluid into the cytoplasm.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Production of ATP for cellular energy

Question 14

A cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell. Which of the following best describes the solution and the process occurring?

Accepted Answer

The solution is hypotonic and water is entering the cell.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why cells with high energy demands, such as muscle cells, contain more mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria produce ATP through metabolic processes such as the citric acid cycle.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of anchoring proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They stabilize the membrane by attaching to the cytoskeleton.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Genetically controlled cell death.

Question 18

A cell is observed to have a large number of cilia on its surface. Which of the following is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Movement of fluid or mucus across the cell surface.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between integral and peripheral membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Integral proteins span the membrane and often form channels, while peripheral proteins are attached to the inner or outer surface and are easily detached.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of countertransport in carrier-mediated transport?

Accepted Answer

Two substances are moved in opposite directions across the membrane simultaneously.

Cellular Level of Organization: Structure and Function of Cells

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