Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, and what structural feature increases its efficiency?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion; folded cristae

Question 2

A patient with a genetic disorder is found to have defective chloride ion transport in their respiratory tract, resulting in thick mucus and frequent lung infections. Which cellular structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Motile cilia

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery

Question 4

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for maintaining cell shape and providing mechanical support, especially in epithelial cells such as those in hair and nails?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments (e.g., keratin)

Question 5

A scientist observes a cell with numerous small, finger-like projections on its surface that greatly increase its absorptive area. Which structure is being described, and what is its main cytoskeletal component?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli; actin filaments

Question 6

Which organelle contains acid hydrolase enzymes and is responsible for digesting worn-out cell components and cellular debris?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 7

The endomembrane system is crucial for the modification and transport of proteins and lipids. Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of organelles a newly synthesized protein destined for secretion would pass through?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → transport vesicle → plasma membrane

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of peroxisomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances

Question 9

A cell is observed to have a ring of nine groups of three modified microtubules. What structure is this, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Centrioles; organize microtubules during cell division

Question 10

Which equation best represents the process by which water follows chloride ions across the membrane in motile cilia, contributing to mucus movement?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Cl^-_{(in)}} \rightarrow \mathrm{Cl^-_{(out)}}$$; $$\mathrm{Na^+}$$ follows by electrical attraction; $$\mathrm{H_2O}$$ follows by osmosis

Question 11

Which of the following statements about mitochondrial DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is passed exclusively from mother to offspring

Question 12

Which organelle is studded with ribosomes and is directly involved in the synthesis and folding of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

A cell is unable to properly sort and direct vesicle traffic, especially from the cell surface. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Endosome

Question 14

Which cytoskeletal component is essential for the movement of organelles within cells and for processes such as mitosis and cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments

Question 15

Which of the following best explains the endosymbiotic theory regarding the origin of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria were once free-living prokaryotes engulfed by a host cell

Question 16

Which cellular extension is found in sperm cells, is much longer and stiffer than cilia, and moves in a whip-like manner?

Accepted Answer

Flagellum

Question 17

A cell is observed to have a darkly staining, centrally located structure surrounded by a double membrane with pores. What is this structure and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus; stores genetic information and regulates gene expression

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 19

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing lipids and detoxifying chemicals within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of motor proteins in the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate movement of organelles and vesicles along cytoskeletal filaments

Chapter three pt. 2

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards