Q: Which equation correctly represents the net ATP yield from aerobic cellular respiration of one glucose molecule?

$$32 \text{ ATP} = 2 \text{ (glycolysis)} + 2 \text{ (Krebs cycle)} + 28 \text{ (oxidative phosphorylation)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane's phospholipid bilayer in a human cell?

Accepted Answer

It selectively allows certain molecules to pass while blocking others, maintaining the cell's internal environment.

Question 2

A patient is given intravenous fluids that are hypotonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells will swell and may burst as water enters the cells.

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for packaging and transporting proteins to their destination within or outside the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 4

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, and what is the main purpose of this phase?

Accepted Answer

S phase; to duplicate the cell's genetic material for division

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE about facilitated diffusion across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It requires a protein channel but does not require energy.

Question 6

A mutation causes the sodium-potassium pump in a neuron to malfunction. Which of the following would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

The neuron would be unable to maintain its resting membrane potential.

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the net ATP yield from aerobic cellular respiration of one glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$32 	ext{ ATP} = 2 	ext{ (glycolysis)} + 2 	ext{ (Krebs cycle)} + 28 	ext{ (oxidative phosphorylation)}$$

Question 8

Which type of cell junction allows ions and small molecules to pass directly from one cell to another, enabling rapid communication?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 9

A tissue sample shows cells with microvilli on their surface. What is the primary function of these structures?

Accepted Answer

To increase surface area for absorption

Question 10

Which process is responsible for the breakdown of cellular components and recycling of cell materials, especially during times of stress or starvation?

Accepted Answer

Autophagy

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

They are the site where mRNA is translated into a polypeptide chain.

Question 12

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 14

Which step in protein synthesis involves the creation of an mRNA sequence from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why active transport requires energy?

Accepted Answer

It moves molecules against their concentration gradient.

Question 16

Which cell extension is responsible for moving materials across the surface of the cell, such as in the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Cilia

Question 17

During tissue repair, which process involves the formation of granulation tissue and the beginning of regeneration?

Accepted Answer

Organization

Question 18

Which of the following is a property of ligand-gated ion channels?

Accepted Answer

They open in response to binding of a specific chemical messenger.

Question 19

Which equation best represents the movement of water during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration}$$

Question 20

Which of the following statements about mitosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis is used for growth and repair, producing two identical daughter cells.

Cellular Organization, Membrane Physiology, and Tissue Types: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards