Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the plasma membrane in a cell?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 2

A patient receives intravenous fluids that are hypotonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will lyse as water enters them.

Question 3

Which molecule forms the basic structure of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 4

During glycolysis, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli?

Accepted Answer

Increase surface area for absorption

Question 6

A cell is placed in a solution with an osmolarity of 0.5 Osm/L, while the cell's internal osmolarity is 0.3 Osm/L. Which direction will water move?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to crenate.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification, packaging, and sorting of proteins

Question 8

Which equation correctly relates osmolarity ($$O) to $$molarity ($$M) $$for a solution of NaCl, assuming complete dissociation?

Accepted Answer

$$O = M 	imes 2$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER has ribosomes attached and synthesizes proteins; smooth ER lacks ribosomes and synthesizes lipids.

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses carrier proteins to move substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 11

Which process produces the most ATP during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular digestion and recycling of cellular components

Question 13

Which of the following is true about mitosis?

Accepted Answer

It occurs in somatic cells and produces two genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes the membrane and regulates fluidity.

Question 15

Which of the following is a key event during prophase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear envelope breaks down.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of gap junctions?

Accepted Answer

They allow direct communication between adjacent cells.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about meiosis?

Accepted Answer

It occurs in sex cells and produces four genetically unique daughter cells.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of mRNA from DNA in the nucleus.

Question 19

Which equation best represents the calculation of osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) $$according to van't Hoff's law?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = iMRT$$

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding active transport?

Accepted Answer

It requires hydrolysis of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient.

Cellular Organization, Protein Synthesis, Membrane Transport, Cell Division, and Cell Junctions – Guided Study

Study Guide - Practice Questions