Q: Which of the following best describes the overall chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

$ \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy (ATP)} $

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the overall chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

$ \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy (ATP)} $

Question 2

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP and NADH molecules per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 3

Which enzyme catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate in the first step of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Hexokinase

Question 4

In the electron transport chain (ETC), what is the final electron acceptor?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($\mathrm{O_2}$)

Question 5

Which of the following statements about ATP hydrolysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis releases energy and produces ADP and inorganic phosphate ($\mathrm{Pi}$)

Question 6

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Question 7

A patient is experiencing muscle fatigue after intense exercise. Which metabolic process is most likely responsible for the accumulation of lactic acid in their muscles?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation (anaerobic respiration)

Question 8

Which molecule links glycolysis to the Krebs cycle by transporting acetyl groups into the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Acetyl-CoA

Question 9

During the Krebs cycle, how many NADH molecules are produced per turn of the cycle (per Acetyl-CoA)?

Accepted Answer

3 NADH

Question 10

Which of the following is a direct product of the electron transport chain (ETC) besides ATP?

Accepted Answer

Water ($\mathrm{H_2O}$)

Question 11

If a cell is deprived of oxygen, which process will continue to produce ATP?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the net reaction of alcoholic fermentation in yeast?

Accepted Answer

$ \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} \rightarrow 2\mathrm{C_2H_5OH} + 2\mathrm{CO_2} + 2\mathrm{ATP} $

Question 13

Which molecule is regenerated during lactic acid fermentation to allow glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

NAD$^+$

Question 14

Which organ relies most heavily on ATP for maintaining membrane potentials and synaptic signaling?

Accepted Answer

Brain

Question 15

A defect in the electron transport chain that prevents oxygen from accepting electrons would most likely result in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A dramatic decrease in ATP production

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of ATP in organ systems?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of ammonia in the liver

Question 17

Which of the following statements about anaerobic respiration is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It produces less ATP per glucose than aerobic respiration

Question 18

In the context of biogeochemical cycles, which process performed by bacteria helps prevent the accumulation of excess nitrates in aquatic systems?

Accepted Answer

Denitrification

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why muscle cells switch to lactic acid fermentation during intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen supply cannot meet the energy demand, so cells regenerate NAD$^+$ to allow glycolysis to continue

Question 20

Which of the following molecules is produced during both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle and is essential for the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Cellular Respiration and Organ Function: Structured Study Notes

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