Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They provide most of the cell's ATP via aerobic cellular respiration.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with numerous ribosomes attached to its endoplasmic reticulum. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins destined for export or for membranes

Question 3

Which of the following organelles is responsible for modifying, concentrating, and packaging proteins and lipids received from the rough ER?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 4

A patient has a genetic disorder that impairs the function of peroxisomes. Which of the following cellular processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why lysosomes are considered 'safe' sites for intracellular digestion?

Accepted Answer

Their membranes isolate digestive enzymes from the rest of the cell.

Question 6

A cell is observed to have an extensive network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis and metabolism of lipids

Question 7

Which of the following is a nonmembranous organelle that plays a key role in organizing the mitotic spindle during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Centrioles

Question 8

A mutation causes a cell to lack microtubules. Which of the following cellular structures or functions would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Formation of cilia and flagella

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the nuclear envelope?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a double-membrane barrier that encloses the nucleoplasm and regulates transport into and out of the nucleus.

Question 10

During vigorous exercise, muscle cells require increased ATP production. Which organelle's activity would increase to meet this demand, and what is the main substrate used?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria; glucose and oxygen

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why red blood cells are anucleate?

Accepted Answer

They maximize space for hemoglobin to transport oxygen.

Question 12

A cell is observed to have abundant microvilli. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of nutrients

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for a protein destined for secretion from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis on rough ER → transport to Golgi apparatus → packaging in secretory vesicle → exocytosis

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the composition of chromatin?

Accepted Answer

DNA, histone proteins, and RNA

Question 15

A cell is unable to break down long-chain fatty acids and accumulates toxic substances. Which organelle is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Support of cell shape and generation of movement

Question 17

A cell is observed to have a high number of lysosomes. Which of the following is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular digestion of bacteria and debris

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the importance of compartmentalization by membranes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It enables specialized environments for different metabolic processes.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of cilia on the surface of certain cells?

Accepted Answer

They move substances across the cell surface.

Question 20

A cell is observed to have a defective nuclear lamina. Which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Organization and structural support of the nucleus

Cellular Structure: Cytoplasm and Organelles

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