Question 1

Which of the following best describes the movement of sodium ions (Na$$^{+}) $$during the generation of membrane voltage in neurons?

Accepted Answer

Na$$^{+}$$ ions move into the cell, causing depolarization.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution with an osmolarity of 400 mOsm. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) $$across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = iMRT$$

Question 4

A patient has a mutation that prevents GLUT4 from functioning. Which process will be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion of glucose into muscle cells.

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding primary active transport?

Accepted Answer

It requires ATP to move molecules against their concentration gradient.

Question 6

If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will enter the cell, causing it to swell.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of aquaporins in osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Aquaporins facilitate passive movement of water across the membrane.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct example of secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Glucose being transported into the cell with Na$$^{+}$$ via a symporter.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about chemical messengers is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters act on nearby cells across synapses.

Question 10

A cell is exposed to a hormone that binds to a G protein-coupled receptor, activating adenylyl cyclase. Which second messenger is produced?

Accepted Answer

cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate)

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion moves molecules down their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 12

Which of the following is a direct mechanism of intercellular communication?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE about the equilibrium potential for potassium (K$$^{+}$$)?

Accepted Answer

It is reached when the electrical and chemical gradients for K$$^{+}$$ are balanced.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the effect of an antagonist on a receptor?

Accepted Answer

It blocks the receptor, preventing the normal messenger from binding.

Question 15

Which formula correctly represents the conversion of ATP to cAMP by adenylyl cyclase?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{ATP} \xrightarrow{	ext{adenylyl cyclase}} 	ext{cAMP} + 	ext{PP}_i$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a property of lipophilic (hydrophobic) hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to intracellular receptors.

Question 17

Which process is responsible for the movement of water from the interstitial fluid into the blood capillaries?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE about signal amplification in G protein signaling pathways?

Accepted Answer

One activated receptor can lead to the activation of many second messengers.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Release of substances from the cell via vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane.

Cellular Transport and Chemical Signaling in Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions