Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between passive and active transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Passive transport moves substances down their concentration gradient without using ATP, while active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient using ATP.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome, and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and possibly burst because water will move into the cell.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the rate of diffusion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

ATP availability

Question 4

A patient receives an intravenous (IV) solution that is hypertonic relative to their red blood cells. What physiological effect would you expect to observe?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells will shrink as water leaves the cells.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why oxygen and carbon dioxide can cross the plasma membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

They are small and nonpolar, allowing them to dissolve in the lipid bilayer.

Question 6

Which equation best represents the relationship between the rate of diffusion ($$R$$), the concentration gradient ($$\Delta C$$), and temperature ($$T$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$R = k \cdot \Delta C \cdot T$$

Question 7

Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion in that facilitated diffusion:

Accepted Answer

Requires a transport protein to move substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of primary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ions being pumped out of a cell by the sodium-potassium pump using ATP.

Question 9

A cell uses the sodium-potassium pump to maintain its internal environment. For each ATP hydrolyzed, how many sodium and potassium ions are transported, and in which directions?

Accepted Answer

3 sodium ions out, 2 potassium ions in

Question 10

Which of the following best describes secondary active transport (cotransport)?

Accepted Answer

It uses the energy from the movement of one solute down its gradient to move another solute against its gradient.

Question 11

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates osmosis in a living cell?

Accepted Answer

Water moving from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration through aquaporins.

Question 12

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will remain the same size because there is no net movement of water.

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-life example of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Glucose entering a cell via a specific carrier protein.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about vesicular transport is correct?

Accepted Answer

It involves the movement of substances in bulk via vesicles and requires ATP.

Question 15

A cell needs to secrete a large protein hormone. Which transport process will it most likely use?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why temperature affects the rate of diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Higher temperature increases the kinetic energy of molecules, causing them to move faster and diffuse more rapidly.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the selective permeability of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Some substances can pass through the membrane while others are excluded.

Question 18

A patient is suffering from dehydration. Which type of IV solution should be administered to avoid causing the patient's red blood cells to shrink or swell?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic solution

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the movement of water during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from an area of high water concentration (low solute) to low water concentration (high solute) through a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It is necessary for nerve impulses and uses ATP to move ions against their gradients.

Cellular Transport: Mechanisms and Applications in Anatomy & Physiology

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