Q: Which of the following best describes the role of the Na\textsuperscript{+}-K\textsuperscript{+} pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential (RMP) in excitable cells?

It actively pumps Na\textsuperscript{+} out of the cell and K\textsuperscript{+} into the cell, maintaining a negative interior and electrochemical gradients.

Q: Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the function of an antiporter?

A carrier protein moves Na\textsuperscript{+} into the cell while moving K\textsuperscript{+} out of the cell.

Q: Which of the following best explains why the inside of a cell is more negative than the outside at rest?

K\textsuperscript{+} diffuses out of the cell through leakage channels, while negatively charged proteins remain inside.

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of the Na	extsuperscript{+}-K	extsuperscript{+} pump in maintaining the resting membrane potential (RMP) in excitable cells?

Accepted Answer

It actively pumps Na	extsuperscript{+} out of the cell and K	extsuperscript{+} into the cell, maintaining a negative interior and electrochemical gradients.

Question 2

A patient is given a drug that inhibits ATP production. Which membrane transport process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport of ions

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

It relies on the concentration gradient established by primary active transport to move other solutes.

Question 4

Which equation best represents the electrochemical gradient for potassium (K	extsuperscript{+}) across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{K} = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[K^+]_{out}}{[K^+]_{in}} \right)$$

Question 5

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the function of an antiporter?

Accepted Answer

A carrier protein moves Na	extsuperscript{+} into the cell while moving K	extsuperscript{+} out of the cell.

Question 6

Which process is most likely to be used by a white blood cell to engulf and destroy bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 7

A cell is observed to take in large quantities of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) from its environment. Which transport mechanism is responsible?

Accepted Answer

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 8

Which of the following statements about vesicular transport is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

It requires cellular energy, usually in the form of ATP.

Question 9

During exocytosis, which of the following events occurs?

Accepted Answer

A vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane to release its contents outside the cell.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why the inside of a cell is more negative than the outside at rest?

Accepted Answer

K	extsuperscript{+} diffuses out of the cell through leakage channels, while negatively charged proteins remain inside.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)?

Accepted Answer

Directly opening ion channels for neurotransmitter release

Question 12

A neuron receives a chemical signal that binds to a membrane receptor and causes the opening of ion channels. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Chemical signaling

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between primary and secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport uses ATP directly, while secondary active transport uses energy stored in ionic gradients.

Question 14

Which of the following molecules is LEAST likely to be transported into a cell via secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

O	extsubscript{2}

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-life example of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A cell taking in insulin via clathrin-coated pits

Question 16

Which formula best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential for an ion?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{ion} = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[ion]_{out}}{[ion]_{in}} \right)$$

Question 17

Which of the following would most likely result if the Na	extsuperscript{+}-K	extsuperscript{+} pump stopped functioning in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Na	extsuperscript{+} would accumulate inside the cell, and K	extsuperscript{+} would leak out, disrupting the electrochemical gradient.

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE about the role of G protein-linked receptors in chemical signaling?

Accepted Answer

They activate G proteins, which can affect ion channels, enzymes, or release second messengers.

Question 19

Which process is most likely responsible for the release of neurotransmitters from a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

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