Question 1

A patient receives an intravenous solution with a lower solute concentration than their blood plasma. What will happen to their red blood cells, and why?

Accepted Answer

The cells will swell and may lyse because water moves into the cells toward higher solute concentration.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the movement of potassium ions ($$\mathrm{K}^+) $$through leak channels in a neuron at rest?

Accepted Answer

Passive movement down the concentration gradient, contributing to the negative resting membrane potential.

Question 3

According to Fick’s Law, which change would most increase the rate of diffusion of oxygen across the alveolar membrane?

Accepted Answer

Increasing surface area of the membrane.

Question 4

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. Which direction will water move, and what is the expected outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink (crenate).

Question 5

Which equation represents Fick’s Law for the rate of diffusion ($$J) $$across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$J = D \cdot A \cdot \frac{\Delta C}{\Delta x}$$

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the sodium-potassium ATPase pump?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 Na⁺ out of the cell and 2 K⁺ into the cell using ATP.

Question 7

Which type of membrane channel opens in response to physical deformation, such as stretch or vibration?

Accepted Answer

Mechanically gated channel

Question 8

During aerobic cellular respiration, what is the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor, allowing ATP production to continue.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between primary and secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport uses ATP directly, while secondary uses energy from ion gradients.

Question 10

A neuron’s resting membrane potential is typically about $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}. $$Which factors contribute MOST to this value?

Accepted Answer

High permeability to K⁺ and unequal ion distribution, with more K⁺ inside and more Na⁺ outside.

Question 11

Which process allows a cell to engulf large particles, such as bacteria, for destruction?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 12

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

It uses channel or carrier proteins to move solutes down their concentration gradient.

Question 13

Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 14

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing new complementary strands?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 15

Which event occurs during metaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes align at the cell’s equator.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the products of glycolysis per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 pyruvate, 2 ATP (net), and NADH

Question 17

Which statement correctly differentiates mitosis from meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces 2 identical diploid cells; meiosis produces 4 genetically different haploid cells.

Question 18

Which of the following is a key function of exocytosis in cells?

Accepted Answer

Releasing substances, such as neurotransmitters, outside the cell.

Question 19

Which statement best describes the electrochemical gradient?

Accepted Answer

It is the combined effect of concentration and electrical gradients on ion movement.

Question 20

Which process regenerates NAD⁺ in the absence of oxygen, allowing glycolysis to continue in human cells?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation (producing lactate)

Cellular Transport, Membrane Potential, Cellular Respiration, and Cell Cycle: ANP Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards