Q: Which equation would you use to calculate the percentage of light absorbed by a rectangular object covering half the area of a circular photoreceptor?

$\text{Percentage absorbed} = \frac{\text{Area covered}}{\text{Total area}} \times 100$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the thalamus in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a relay station for sensory information traveling to the cerebral cortex.

Question 2

A patient suffers damage to Broca’s area in the left frontal lobe. Which symptom is most likely to result?

Accepted Answer

Impaired ability to produce spoken language.

Question 3

Which neurotransmitter is primarily released at neuromuscular junctions to stimulate skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 4

During the process of sensory transduction, which equation best represents the conversion of stimulus energy into an electrical signal?

Accepted Answer

$E_{stimulus} \rightarrow E_{electrical}$

Question 5

A patient presents with loss of pain and temperature sensation on the right side of the body and loss of motor function on the left side. Which spinal cord syndrome does this most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

Brown-Séquard syndrome

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the blood-brain barrier is essential for neural function?

Accepted Answer

It prevents harmful substances from entering the brain while allowing passage of essential nutrients.

Question 7

Which equation would you use to calculate the percentage of light absorbed by a rectangular object covering half the area of a circular photoreceptor?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Percentage absorbed} = \frac{	ext{Area covered}}{	ext{Total area}} 	imes 100$

Question 8

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Optic nerve (II)

Question 9

A patient is unable to distinguish between sweet and salty tastes. Which cranial nerves are most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Facial (VII) and Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the cerebellum in motor control?

Accepted Answer

Coordinates timing and precision of movements.

Question 11

Which equation would you use to determine the time it takes for an action potential to travel a given distance at a constant velocity?

Accepted Answer

$t = \frac{d}{v}$

Question 12

A patient with Parkinson’s disease has a deficiency of which neurotransmitter in the basal ganglia?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the limbic system?

Accepted Answer

Processing of emotions and memory formation.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of body temperature.

Question 15

A patient is unable to form new long-term memories after a head injury. Which brain structure is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

Question 17

Which equation would you use to calculate the volume of cerebrospinal fluid produced per hour if the rate is known?

Accepted Answer

$V = r 	imes t$

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the difference between afferent and efferent neurons?

Accepted Answer

Afferent neurons carry sensory information to the CNS; efferent neurons carry motor commands from the CNS.

Question 19

A patient is unable to maintain balance and coordination after suffering a stroke. Which brain region is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Central and Peripheral Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Sensory Integration

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