Question 1

Which of the following correctly matches a brain vesicle with the mature structure it develops into?

Accepted Answer

The telencephalon develops into the cerebrum.

Question 2

A patient suffers a stroke that damages Broca’s area. Which of the following symptoms would most likely result?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty producing fluent speech.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the organization of gray and white matter in the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

White matter is superficial and gray matter is deep.

Question 4

Which structure is primarily responsible for consolidating short-term memories into long-term memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct pathway for sensory information carried by the dorsal column medial lemniscus system?

Accepted Answer

Receptors → dorsal root ganglion → dorsal columns → medulla → thalamus → primary somatosensory cortex

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the reticular formation?

Accepted Answer

Maintains consciousness and regulates the sleep-wake cycle

Question 7

Which of the following cranial nerves is purely sensory and responsible for vision?

Accepted Answer

Optic nerve (II)

Question 8

A patient presents with loss of pain and temperature sensation on the right side of the body below the waist. Which ascending tract is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Anterolateral (spinothalamic) system

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic preganglionic cell bodies are located in the thoracolumbar spinal cord, while parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies are in the brainstem and sacral spinal cord.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the simple stretch reflex?

Accepted Answer

Muscle spindle → sensory neuron → integration center → motor neuron → muscle contraction

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the basal nuclei?

Accepted Answer

Initiation and regulation of voluntary movement

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Homeostatic regulation of body temperature, hunger, and thirst

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

Accepted Answer

A selective barrier formed by tight junctions between endothelial cells, astrocyte end-feet, and a basement membrane

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the organization of the motor homunculus?

Accepted Answer

It reflects the amount of primary motor cortex devoted to different body regions.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Coordinates and fine-tunes motor activity

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct order of the meninges from superficial to deep?

Accepted Answer

Dura mater → arachnoid mater → pia mater

Question 17

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for facial expression and carries both sensory and motor fibers?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (VII)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the pathway of auditory information from the cochlea to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Cochlea → vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) → medulla → thalamus → primary auditory cortex

Question 19

Which of the following best describes long-term potentiation (LTP) in the context of memory?

Accepted Answer

A persistent increase in synaptic strength following high-frequency stimulation

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding the crossed-extension reflex?

Accepted Answer

It causes extension of the contralateral limb to support body weight during withdrawal of the stimulated limb.

Central and Peripheral Nervous System: Study Guide Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards