Q: Which equation correctly represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion across a membrane?

$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion}]_{\text{outside}}}{[\text{ion}]_{\text{inside}}} \right)$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the integrative function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

It interprets sensory input and determines the appropriate motor response.

Question 2

A patient suffers a stroke affecting Broca's area. Which deficit would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty producing spoken language.

Question 3

Which structure connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres and allows communication between them?

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum

Question 4

The limbic system is primarily responsible for which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

Emotion and memory

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential of an ion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{outside}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{inside}}} ight)$

Question 6

A patient presents with loss of fine touch sensation in the right hand. Which part of the spinal cord is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Posterior (dorsal) column

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the thalamus?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a relay station for sensory information to the cerebral cortex.

Question 8

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sense of smell?

Accepted Answer

Olfactory nerve (Cranial Nerve I)

Question 9

Which of the following is a characteristic of the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It increases heart rate and dilates pupils during 'fight or flight' response.

Question 10

Which type of receptor is responsible for detecting changes in blood pressure within arteries?

Accepted Answer

Baroreceptor

Question 11

A patient cannot maintain balance and coordination after a head injury. Which brain structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

A programmed, automatic response to a stimulus.

Question 13

Which equation represents the calculation of conduction velocity ($v$) in a myelinated axon, given the length ($l$) and time ($t$) for an action potential to travel?

Accepted Answer

$v = \frac{l}{t}$

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Initiating voluntary muscle movement

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between gray matter and white matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Gray matter contains neuron cell bodies; white matter contains myelinated axons.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates digestion and slows heart rate.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the cerebrum?

Accepted Answer

It is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as reasoning, memory, and voluntary movement.

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the organization of the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Sensory fibers enter through the posterior (dorsal) root; motor fibers exit through the anterior (ventral) root.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the five lobes of the cerebrum?

Accepted Answer

The temporal lobe is primarily involved in auditory processing and memory.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the reticular formation?

Accepted Answer

It regulates arousal and consciousness.

Central and Peripheral Nervous System: Study Guide (Chapters 12-15)

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