Q: Which equation best represents the percentage of the body's oxygen consumed by the brain if the total oxygen consumption is $O_{total}$ and the brain uses 20%?

$O_{brain} = 0.2 \times O_{total}$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why the central nervous system (CNS) is highly sensitive to interruptions in blood flow?

Accepted Answer

The CNS depends on aerobic glycolysis and requires a constant supply of glucose and oxygen.

Question 2

Which glial cell type is responsible for forming myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 3

A patient presents with hydrocephalus. Which structure is most directly involved in the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that could contribute to this condition?

Accepted Answer

Choroid plexus

Question 4

Which equation best represents the percentage of the body's oxygen consumed by the brain if the total oxygen consumption is $O_{total}$ and the brain uses 20%?

Accepted Answer

$O_{brain} = 0.2 	imes O_{total}$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

It restricts the movement of certain substances from the blood into the CNS, maintaining a stable environment.

Question 6

During prolonged fasting, which molecule becomes an alternative energy source for the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Ketone bodies

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the organization of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 8

A spinal reflex occurs when the reflex center is located in the spinal cord. Which of the following is an example of a spinal reflex?

Accepted Answer

Stretch reflex (e.g., knee-jerk)

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They have numerous functions including supporting neurons and maintaining the blood-brain barrier.

Question 10

If a patient has damage to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, which function is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input from the body

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Choroid plexus → ventricles → subarachnoid space → reabsorption by arachnoid villi

Question 12

Which part of the brain is primarily involved in homeostatic regulation, including temperature and hunger?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a monosynaptic reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

It involves a direct connection between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron.

Question 14

Which equation correctly expresses the total daily production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) if the choroid plexus produces $400\ 	ext{ml}$ per day?

Accepted Answer

$CSF_{daily} = 400\ 	ext{ml}$

Question 15

Which of the following is a feature of an innate (unconditioned) reflex?

Accepted Answer

It occurs rapidly and does not require conscious thought.

Question 16

Which structure is most involved in the formation of long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of microglia in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They act as phagocytes to remove debris and pathogens.

Question 18

A patient is unable to coordinate voluntary movements and maintain balance. Which brain structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why fatty acids are not used for energy by the CNS under normal conditions?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids cannot cross the blood-brain barrier efficiently.

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE about conditioned (learned) reflexes, as demonstrated by Pavlov's experiments?

Accepted Answer

They involve association between a neutral stimulus and a specific response.

Central Nervous System and Reflexes: Structure and Function

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