Question 1

Which of the following neurotransmitters is classified as an excitatory amino acid and is most abundant in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Question 2

A patient presents with difficulty forming new memories after a traumatic brain injury. Which brain structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 3

Which type of fiber connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres, allowing communication between them?

Accepted Answer

Commissural fibers

Question 4

The limbic system is primarily responsible for which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

Processing emotions and memory

Question 5

Which EEG wave pattern is most commonly associated with deep sleep?

Accepted Answer

Delta waves

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

It prevents harmful substances from entering the CNS.

Question 7

During the formation of cerebrospinal fluid, which structure is primarily responsible for its production?

Accepted Answer

Choroid plexus

Question 8

Which of the following correctly lists the order of structures that cerebrospinal fluid passes through from its formation to its absorption?

Accepted Answer

Choroid plexus → lateral ventricles → third ventricle → fourth ventricle → subarachnoid space → arachnoid villi

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a component of a typical reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Cerebral cortex

Question 10

A patient loses sensation and movement in the right arm after a spinal cord injury. Which plexus is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Brachial plexus

Question 11

Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Optic nerve (II)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

Somatic controls voluntary actions; autonomic controls involuntary actions.

Question 13

Stimulation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system will cause which of the following effects?

Accepted Answer

Dilation of pupils

Question 14

Which of the following is a cholinergic receptor found at neuromuscular junctions?

Accepted Answer

Nicotinic receptor

Question 15

Which structure in the eye is responsible for changing shape to focus light for near and distant vision?

Accepted Answer

Lens

Question 16

A person with myopia has difficulty seeing distant objects clearly. Which of the following best explains this condition?

Accepted Answer

The lens focuses light in front of the retina.

Question 17

Which photoreceptor is primarily responsible for color vision?

Accepted Answer

Cones

Question 18

Which part of the ear is responsible for converting sound waves into electrical signals for the brain to interpret?

Accepted Answer

Cochlea

Question 19

A patient is unable to distinguish between high and low pitch sounds. Which structure is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Basilar membrane of the cochlea

Question 20

Which equation best represents the relationship between frequency ($$f$$), wavelength ($$\lambda$$), and speed of sound ($$v) in $$the ear?

Accepted Answer

$$v = f 	imes \lambda$$

Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System, Autonomic Nervous System, and Special Senses: Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions