Q: Which equation best represents the percentage of total body blood flow received by the brain per minute if the cardiac output is $$Q_{total}$$ and the brain receives 15%?

$$Q_{brain} = 0.15 \times Q_{total}$$

Question 1

Which structure is the precursor to the central nervous system (CNS) during embryonic development?

Accepted Answer

Neural tube

Question 2

During the fifth week of CNS development, the forebrain divides into which two regions?

Accepted Answer

Telencephalon and diencephalon

Question 3

Which part of the neural tube does NOT further subdivide during CNS development?

Accepted Answer

Mesencephalon (midbrain)

Question 4

The neural crest gives rise to which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

Ganglia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the CNS?

Accepted Answer

It receives sensory input and directs motor neuron activity.

Question 6

If a patient has damage to the inferior frontal gyrus, which clinical symptom is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Non-fluent aphasia (difficulty speaking but can understand speech)

Question 7

Which lobe of the cerebrum is primarily responsible for integration of visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 8

The corpus callosum serves which primary function in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Connects the two cerebral hemispheres for communication

Question 9

Which of the following EEG wave patterns is most commonly observed in awake adults during mental activity?

Accepted Answer

Beta waves

Question 10

A patient presents with fluent aphasia, speaking fluently but making little sense and having difficulty understanding speech. Damage to which area is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Wernicke's area (superior temporal gyrus)

Question 11

Which imaging technique detects and visualizes brain activity by measuring changes associated with blood flow?

Accepted Answer

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Question 12

Which equation best represents the percentage of total body blood flow received by the brain per minute if the cardiac output is $$Q_{total}$$ and the brain receives 15%?

Accepted Answer

$$Q_{brain} = 0.15 	imes Q_{total}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding cerebral lateralization?

Accepted Answer

Each hemisphere controls movement and sensation on the opposite side of the body.

Question 14

Which region of the brain is most associated with voluntary control of skeletal muscles and personality?

Accepted Answer

Frontal lobe

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the organization of the cerebral cortex?

Accepted Answer

It is the outer layer of the cerebrum, composed of gray matter.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence of neural information flow for spoken language production?

Accepted Answer

Wernicke's area → Broca's area → Motor cortex

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the basal nuclei?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of voluntary motor control

Question 18

Which equation would you use to calculate the number of neurons in the adult human brain if the average is $$10^{11}$$ neurons?

Accepted Answer

$$N_{neurons} = 10$$^{11}$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the postcentral gyrus?

Accepted Answer

Primary somatosensory cortex

Question 20

Which imaging technique uses radioactive isotopes to measure regional activity in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Physiology: Central Nervous System I

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