Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main components of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Which type of glial cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the Central Nervous System?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, a disease characterized by the loss of myelin in the CNS. Which cell type is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 4

Which glial cell type acts as a phagocyte, removing debris and pathogens in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Microglia

Question 5

Which of the following statements about Schwann cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

They form myelin in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between white matter and gray matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

White matter contains myelinated axons; gray matter contains neuron cell bodies and dendrites

Question 7

A lesion is observed in the white matter of a patient's brain MRI. Which structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Myelinated axons

Question 8

Astrocytes play a critical role in the CNS by:

Accepted Answer

Developing the blood-brain barrier

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the number of neurons and glial cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

The CNS contains about 86 billion neurons, and glial cells comprise about 80% of the CNS

Question 10

A researcher is studying the role of ependymal cells in the CNS. Which function should she focus on?

Accepted Answer

Lining the cavities of the brain and spinal cord

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why damage to oligodendrocytes would impair nervous system function?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath in the CNS, which is essential for rapid action potential conduction

Question 12

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the number of neurons ($$N$$), the percentage of glial cells ($$G$$), and the total number of CNS cells ($$T$$), assuming glial cells make up 80% of the CNS?

Accepted Answer

$$T = \frac{N}{1 - G}$$

Question 13

A patient with a genetic mutation affecting astrocytes is most likely to experience problems with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining the blood-brain barrier

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of glial cell type and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Microglia – phagocytosis

Question 15

If a disease selectively destroys Schwann cells, which of the following would most likely occur?

Accepted Answer

Impaired myelination in the peripheral nervous system

Central Nervous System: Structure, Cells, and Tissues

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