$$N_{neurons} \propto \text{Cephalization}$$

Question 1

Which embryonic structure gives rise to both the brain and spinal cord during human development?

Accepted Answer

Neural tube

Question 2

During brain development, which secondary brain vesicle forms the pons and cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Metencephalon

Question 3

Which adult brain structure is derived from the diencephalon?

Accepted Answer

Thalamus

Question 4

A patient suffers a stroke affecting the primary motor cortex. What is the most likely clinical outcome?

Accepted Answer

Paralysis on the side of the body opposite to the damaged cortex

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the distribution of gray and white matter in the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Central cavity surrounded by gray matter, with white matter external to gray matter

Question 6

Which lobe of the cerebral hemisphere is primarily responsible for processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 7

The central sulcus separates which two gyri?

Accepted Answer

Precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe and postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the lateral ventricles of the brain?

Accepted Answer

They are paired, C-shaped chambers located deep in each cerebral hemisphere

Question 9

Which area of the cerebral cortex is responsible for voluntary control of precise, skilled skeletal muscle movements?

Accepted Answer

Primary motor cortex

Question 10

A patient can move their fingers but cannot type after a stroke. Which cortical area is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Premotor cortex

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the cerebral cortex is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

It is a thin (2–4 mm) superficial layer of gray matter containing neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels, but no axons

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the association areas of the cerebral cortex?

Accepted Answer

Integrating diverse information for higher cognitive functions

Question 13

Which equation best represents the relationship between the number of neurons and the evolutionary development of the CNS?

Accepted Answer

$$N_{neurons} \propto 	ext{Cephalization}$$

Question 14

Which structure connects the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle?

Accepted Answer

Cerebral aqueduct

Question 15

Which lobe is buried under portions of the temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes?

Accepted Answer

Insular lobe

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the somatosensory homunculus?

Accepted Answer

It represents contralateral sensory input from body regions in the primary somatosensory cortex

Question 17

Which fissure separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Transverse cerebral fissure

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE about the pattern of gray and white matter in the brain stem compared to the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

The brain stem has additional gray matter nuclei scattered within white matter

Question 19

Which equation correctly describes the volume of the lateral ventricles if each is modeled as a C-shaped cylinder with radius $$r$$ and length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$V = \pi r^2$ l$$

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a function of the frontal lobe?

Accepted Answer

Processing visual information

Central Nervous System: Structure, Development, and Functional Organization

Study Guide - Practice Questions