Q: Which equation correctly represents the calculation of brain weight decrease with age, if the average adult brain weighs 1400 g and decreases by 2% per decade after age 50?

$$W_{age} = 1400 - (0.02 \times 1400 \times d)$$, where $$d is $$decades after 50

Question 1

Which embryonic structure gives rise to the adult central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Neural tube

Question 2

Which region of the adult brain is responsible for voluntary motor control and is affected in a stroke that impairs movement?

Accepted Answer

Primary motor cortex

Question 3

A patient presents with loss of coordination and balance. Which brain structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Cerebellum

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the thalamus?

Accepted Answer

Relays sensory inputs to the cerebral cortex

Question 5

Which structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres and allows communication between them?

Accepted Answer

Corpus callosum

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Regulates body temperature and water intake

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of brain weight decrease with age, if the average adult brain weighs 1400 g and decreases by 2% per decade after age 50?

Accepted Answer

$$W_{age} = 1400 - (0.02 	imes 1400 	imes d)$$, where $$d is $$decades after 50

Question 8

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the limbic system?

Accepted Answer

Substantia nigra

Question 9

A lesion in the Wernicke's area would most likely result in which clinical symptom?

Accepted Answer

Impaired language comprehension

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Accepted Answer

Cushions and nourishes the brain

Question 11

Which structure is responsible for producing melatonin and regulating sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Pineal gland

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pathway for the corticospinal (pyramidal) tract?

Accepted Answer

Originates in the primary motor cortex and descends through the internal capsule

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the reticular formation?

Accepted Answer

Filters sensory input and governs arousal

Question 14

Which equation best represents the relationship between sleep debt and alertness?

Accepted Answer

$$A = A_0$ - kS$$

Question 15

Which of the following structures is involved in the decussation of pyramids, allowing for contralateral motor control?

Accepted Answer

Medulla oblongata

Question 16

A patient with damage to the basal nuclei may present with which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Abnormal involuntary movements (e.g., tremors)

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Formed by tight junctions between capillary endothelial cells

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cerebellum?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of emotional response

Question 19

Which equation best represents the calculation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure, given CSF volume $$V$$ and compliance $$C$$?

Accepted Answer

$$P = \frac{V}{C}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a likely consequence of damage to the visual association area?

Accepted Answer

Inability to interpret visual information

Central Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Protection

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