Question 1

Which property of water allows the human body to maintain a relatively stable internal temperature despite external temperature fluctuations?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 2

A patient is suffering from dehydration. Which chemical reaction is most directly affected in the breakdown of macromolecules in their body?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, allowing it to surround and dissociate ions.

Question 4

Which of the following is a disaccharide formed by the combination of glucose and galactose?

Accepted Answer

Lactose

Question 5

A marathon runner relies on stored energy in the form of glycogen. Which type of macromolecule is glycogen, and where is it primarily stored?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharide; liver and skeletal muscle

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for reactions.

Question 7

A solution contains a high concentration of hydrogen ions ($$[H^+]). $$Which of the following best describes this solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic.

Question 8

Which of the following is a pentose sugar found in RNA?

Accepted Answer

Ribose

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids are essential for cell membrane structure?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions, allowing them to form bilayers.

Question 10

A patient is unable to efficiently break down lactose in their diet. Which enzyme is most likely deficient, and what type of reaction is impaired?

Accepted Answer

Lactase; hydrolysis

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct equation for the hydrolysis of maltose?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11} + H_2O \rightarrow 2\ C_6H_{12}$$O_6$$}$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of ATP in cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides energy for cellular processes by releasing a phosphate group.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a property of water that is critical for life?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a nonpolar solvent.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about proteins is correct?

Accepted Answer

The function of a protein is determined by its three-dimensional structure.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the relationship between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis builds macromolecules by removing water, while hydrolysis breaks them down by adding water.

Question 16

Which of the following is a steroid important for cell membrane structure and hormone synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Question 17

A solution with a pH of 12 is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Strongly basic

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of eicosanoids in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They act as signaling molecules involved in inflammation and immunity.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein – amino acid

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the 'energy currency' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its high-energy phosphate bonds, which can be quickly released for cellular work.

Ch. 2: The Chemical Level of Organization – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions