Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between matter, chemical elements, and atoms?

Accepted Answer

Matter is composed of chemical elements, which are made up of atoms.

Question 2

A carbon atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number = 6, Mass number = 12

Question 3

If an oxygen atom has an atomic number of 8 and a mass number of 16, how many neutrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

8

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why neon is chemically unreactive?

Accepted Answer

Its valence shell is full of electrons.

Question 5

What is the correct electron distribution in the shells of a neutral nitrogen atom (atomic number 7) according to the octet rule?

Accepted Answer

2,5

Question 6

Which of the following statements is TRUE about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct example of a chemical formula?

Accepted Answer

C6H12O6

Question 8

What type of bond is formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons?

Accepted Answer

Covalent

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a nonpolar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

The bonded atoms share electrons equally.

Question 10

Water molecules are polar with ends that exhibit partial positive and negative charges. Such opposite charges make water molecules attract each other through which type of bond?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 11

Which of the following is a property of water that is essential for life on Earth?

Accepted Answer

Moderation of temperature

Question 12

Why does ice float in liquid water?

Accepted Answer

Stable hydrogen bonds keep water molecules of ice farther apart than water molecules of liquid water.

Question 13

Which of the following is due to the high specific heat of water?

Accepted Answer

A lake heats up more slowly than the surrounding environment.

Question 14

A solution in which water is the solvent is called a(n) ________ solution.

Accepted Answer

Aqueous

Question 15

Which of the following reactions is most consistent with that of a base?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NaOH \rightarrow Na^+ + OH^-}$$

Question 16

In a neutral solution, the concentration of ________.

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen ions is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about buffers is true?

Accepted Answer

They maintain a consistent pH when acids or bases are added to them.

Question 18

Organic molecules are defined as chemical compounds that contain:

Accepted Answer

Carbon & Hydrogen

Question 19

Which of the following statements concerning dehydration reactions and hydrolysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reactions create polymers from monomers; hydrolysis reactions break down polymers.

Question 20

Which of the following chemical formulas represents that of a simple carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

C6H12O6

Ch. 2 The Chemistry of Life: Structured Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards