$\text{Energy intake} = \text{Energy output} + \text{Energy stored}$

Question 1

Which of the following equations correctly represents the energy balance in the human body?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Energy intake} = 	ext{Energy output} + 	ext{Energy stored}$

Question 2

Which hormone is produced in the stomach and stimulates hunger by acting on the hypothalamic feeding center?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin

Question 3

Which of the following statements best describes the effect of leptin on appetite?

Accepted Answer

Leptin decreases appetite by inhibiting the hypothalamus.

Question 4

During which metabolic state is insulin secretion highest?

Accepted Answer

Absorptive state

Question 5

Which of the following macromolecules has the highest respiratory quotient (RQ)?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 6

Which process is primarily responsible for the conversion of glucose to glycogen in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenesis

Question 7

Which of the following is a key difference between LDL and HDL cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

LDL transports cholesterol to tissues, while HDL removes cholesterol from tissues.

Question 8

Which hormone increases blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 9

Which of the following is a characteristic of the absorptive state?

Accepted Answer

Increased synthesis of macromolecules

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct definition of Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)?

Accepted Answer

The minimum energy required to maintain vital functions at rest

Question 11

A patient with diabetes mellitus is likely to experience which of the following symptoms due to lack of insulin?

Accepted Answer

Hyperglycemia

Question 12

Which of the following mechanisms is primarily responsible for heat loss from the body when sweating?

Accepted Answer

Evaporation

Question 13

Which hormone is released in response to low blood glucose and stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 14

Which of the following is a major effect of cortisol during the postabsorptive state?

Accepted Answer

Promotes gluconeogenesis

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of brown adipose tissue in thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

Generates heat through non-shivering thermogenesis

Question 16

Which of the following is a key difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 is caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells, while type 2 is caused by insulin resistance.

Question 17

Which of the following processes is stimulated by epinephrine during the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenolysis

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of dehydration in a patient with diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood osmolarity

Question 19

Which of the following is the primary function of the hypothalamus in thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

Acts as the body's thermostat to maintain core temperature

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why heat stroke is more dangerous than heat exhaustion?

Accepted Answer

Heat stroke can lead to failure of thermoregulatory mechanisms and organ damage.

Ch 23: Metabolism and Energy Balance – Study Guide and Review Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions