Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the principle of complementarity of structure and function in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The sharp edges of incisors are ideal for cutting food, while the flat surfaces of molars are suited for grinding.

Question 2

A patient presents with a hiatal hernia, where part of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity. Which body cavity is directly affected by this condition?

Accepted Answer

Ventral body cavity

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a necessary life function for humans?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 4

A cross section of the body is produced by cutting along which anatomical plane?

Accepted Answer

Transverse (horizontal) plane

Question 5

Which organ system is primarily responsible for removing metabolic waste products such as urea and carbon dioxide from the body?

Accepted Answer

Excretory (urinary) system

Question 6

During labor, the release of oxytocin causes increased contractions, which in turn stimulate more oxytocin release. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Positive feedback

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of serous fluid found between the parietal and visceral serosa?

Accepted Answer

It lubricates the surfaces to reduce friction between organs.

Question 8

A midsagittal (median) plane divides the body into:

Accepted Answer

Equal right and left halves

Question 9

Which of the following is a survival need that is essential for the release of energy from food, and without which the body can survive only a few minutes?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 10

If the body temperature drops below $37^\circ C$, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Chemical reaction rates in the body will decrease.

Question 11

Which of the following correctly matches the serous membrane with the organ it surrounds?

Accepted Answer

Peritoneum – abdominopelvic cavity

Question 12

A patient is experiencing pain in the right lower quadrant (RLQ) of the abdominopelvic region. Which organ is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Appendix

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence of levels of structural organization in the human body, from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism in the body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose by insulin

Question 15

Which directional term describes the position of the heart relative to the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Medial

Question 16

Which organ system is primarily responsible for responsiveness, such as the withdrawal reflex?

Accepted Answer

Nervous system

Question 17

A patient has inflammation of the serous membrane lining the lungs. What is the medical term for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Pleurisy

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the effector in a homeostatic control system?

Accepted Answer

Provides the means to respond to the stimulus

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane in maintaining boundaries?

Accepted Answer

Separates cells from their external environment

Question 20

Which of the following body cavities protects the fragile nervous system organs?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal body cavity

Chapter 1: The Human Body – An Orientation (Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes)

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