Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the principle of complementarity of structure and function in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The sharp edges of incisors make them ideal for cutting food, while the broad surfaces of molars are suited for grinding.

Question 2

A patient presents with a severe burn that has destroyed the epidermis and dermis. Which organ system is primarily affected, and what is one of its major functions?

Accepted Answer

Integumentary system; forms the external body covering and protects deeper tissues from injury.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between gross (macroscopic) anatomy and microscopic anatomy?

Accepted Answer

Gross anatomy studies structures visible to the naked eye, while microscopic anatomy examines structures too small to be seen without a microscope.

Question 4

A scientist is studying the process of muscle contraction by analyzing the interaction of actin and myosin proteins. Which level of structural organization and which branch of physiology is she focusing on?

Accepted Answer

Chemical level; molecular physiology

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a necessary life function for humans?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of waste products in the body

Question 6

A patient is unable to maintain a stable internal body temperature when exposed to cold environments. Which concept does this scenario best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Failure of homeostasis

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose by insulin

Question 8

During anatomical study, a body is cut along a plane that divides it into anterior and posterior parts. Which plane is this?

Accepted Answer

Frontal (coronal) plane

Question 9

A patient has a tumor located in the mediastinum. Which major body cavity is affected?

Accepted Answer

Ventral body cavity

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of serous membranes in the ventral body cavity?

Accepted Answer

They reduce friction between organs by secreting serous fluid.

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with situs inversus, a condition in which the major visceral organs are reversed or mirrored from their normal positions. Which anatomical concept does this best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Variation in anatomical structure

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the anatomical position is correct?

Accepted Answer

The body is standing upright, feet slightly apart, and palms facing forward.

Question 13

A physician notes that a wound is located on the lateral aspect of the right thigh. Which of the following best describes the location?

Accepted Answer

On the outer side of the right thigh

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is a survival need for humans?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is required for the release of energy from food molecules during cellular respiration.

Question 15

A patient is experiencing difficulty in breathing due to low atmospheric pressure at high altitude. Which survival need is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Appropriate atmospheric pressure

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

It returns leaked fluid from blood vessels to the blood and houses white blood cells involved in immunity.

Question 17

A patient has a kidney stone blocking the ureter, leading to a buildup of waste in the blood. Which organ system is primarily responsible for eliminating these wastes?

Accepted Answer

Urinary system

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Amplification of labor contractions by oxytocin

Question 19

A cross-section is made through the body at a 90° angle to the vertical axis, dividing the body into superior and inferior parts. Which anatomical plane is this?

Accepted Answer

Transverse (horizontal) plane

Question 20

A researcher is studying the process of blood clotting, which involves a cascade of events that amplify the original stimulus. Which type of feedback mechanism is being studied, and what is the general equation for a positive feedback loop?

Accepted Answer

Positive feedback; $\Delta x_{n+1} = k \cdot \Delta x_n$ where $k > 1$

Chapter 1: The Human Body—An Orientation (Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes)

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards