Question 1

A patient has a hematocrit of 45%. After centrifuging a blood sample, which of the following best describes the distribution of blood components in the tube?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocytes at the bottom, buffy coat in the middle, plasma at the top

Question 2

Which plasma protein is primarily responsible for regulating osmotic pressure in blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 3

A patient with sickle cell anemia has abnormally shaped hemoglobin. Which of the following is a direct consequence of this abnormality?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oxygen-carrying ability

Question 4

If a person has blood type B, which antibodies are present in their plasma?

Accepted Answer

Anti-A antibodies

Question 5

A woman with Rh- blood is pregnant with an Rh+ baby. What is the primary risk in subsequent pregnancies if she does not receive a RhoGAM shot?

Accepted Answer

Her immune system will attack the baby's Rh+ red blood cells, causing hemolytic disease of the newborn

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of neutrophils?

Accepted Answer

Act as phagocytes at active sites of infection

Question 7

Calculate the total mass of hemoglobin in 5 liters of normal blood, given that normal blood contains 15 g of hemoglobin per 100 mL.

Accepted Answer

$$15 	imes 50 = 750 g$$

Question 8

Which of the following blood types is considered the universal donor for transfusions?

Accepted Answer

Type O

Question 9

A patient has a WBC count of 13,000/mm$$^3. $$What condition does this most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

Leukocytosis

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

Transporting oxygen bound to hemoglobin

Question 11

A blood sample agglutinates with both anti-A and anti-B serum. What is the blood type?

Accepted Answer

Type AB

Question 12

Which formed element is derived from ruptured multinucleate cells and is essential for blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

Platelets

Question 13

A patient with type A blood receives type B blood in a transfusion. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and possible hemolytic reaction

Question 14

Which of the following is the most abundant type of leukocyte in human blood?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 15

Which condition is characterized by an excessive or abnormal increase in the number of erythrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Polycythemia

Question 16

Which of the following statements about hemoglobin is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Each erythrocyte contains about 250 million hemoglobin molecules

Question 17

Which type of leukocyte is primarily involved in the immune response and production of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytes

Question 18

A patient with blood type AB negative ($$AB^-) $$needs a transfusion. Which of the following blood types can be safely given?

Accepted Answer

AB negative ($$AB^-)$$

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why blood is classified as a connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It contains living cells suspended in a non-living matrix (plasma)

Question 20

A patient has a platelet count of 100,000/mm$$^3. $$What is the most likely clinical consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired blood clotting and increased bleeding risk

Chapter 10: Blood – Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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