$$\text{Glycogen} \rightarrow \text{Glucose} \rightarrow \text{Lactic acid} + 2\text{ATP}$$

$$\text{Fatty acids} + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow \text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} + 34\text{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which property of muscle tissue allows it to return to its original resting length after being stretched?

Accepted Answer

Elasticity

Question 2

Which of the following is a distinctive structural feature of skeletal muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Striations and multinucleate cells

Question 3

During the sliding filament theory of contraction, which band remains the same length while the sarcomere shortens?

Accepted Answer

A band

Question 4

What is the primary function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Store calcium ions

Question 5

Which muscle type is characterized by intercalated discs and is involuntary?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle

Question 6

A muscle that bends a joint is called a:

Accepted Answer

Flexor

Question 7

Which connective tissue layer surrounds individual muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 8

What is the role of ATP in the cross-bridge cycle of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It detaches myosin from actin

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents the anaerobic metabolism of glucose in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glycogen} ightarrow 	ext{Glucose} ightarrow 	ext{Lactic acid} + 2	ext{ATP}$$

Question 10

Which type of skeletal muscle fiber is best adapted for endurance activities?

Accepted Answer

Type I (red slow oxidative)

Question 11

What is the main effect of endurance training on skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Increase in capillary supply and mitochondrial density

Question 12

Which structure is the repeating unit between two Z-lines in a myofibril?

Accepted Answer

Sarcomere

Question 13

During muscle relaxation, which process occurs to stop contraction?

Accepted Answer

Ca$$^{2+}-$$ATPase pumps move Ca$$^{2+}$$ back into the SR

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a motor unit?

Accepted Answer

A group of muscle fibers innervated by a single motor neuron

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the control and strength of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Muscles with fewer motor units have greater control but less strength

Question 16

Which hormone stimulates osteoblasts to produce bone faster during puberty?

Accepted Answer

Sex hormones

Question 17

What is the main function of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Transmit action potentials and provide mechanical strength

Question 18

Which of the following is a consequence of muscle fatigue during intense exercise?

Accepted Answer

Increase in extracellular potassium concentration

Question 19

Which equation represents the aerobic metabolism of fatty acids in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Fatty acids} + 	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 	ext{CO}_2 + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 34	ext{ATP}$$

Question 20

Which of the following adaptations is most likely to occur in skeletal muscle as a result of strength training?

Accepted Answer

Hypertrophy of muscle fibers

Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue – Structure, Function, and Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions