Q: Which equation best represents the mechanical advantage of a lever system in the human body?

$$MA = \frac{\text{effort arm}}{\text{load arm}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the effect of aerobic exercise, such as jogging or swimming, on skeletal muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

It increases the number of mitochondria, capillaries, and enhances endurance and resistance to fatigue.

Question 2

Which statement correctly explains the difference between the origin and insertion of a skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

The origin is the attachment point that does not move, while the insertion is the point that moves during contraction.

Question 3

A patient is immobilized in a cast for several weeks. What physiological change is most likely to occur in their skeletal muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Muscle atrophy, with degeneration and loss of mass beginning almost immediately.

Question 4

Which of the following factors does NOT directly increase the force of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Decreased degree of muscle stretch below resting length

Question 5

Smooth muscle cells are able to maintain contraction for prolonged periods with little energy cost. Which structural feature is primarily responsible for this ability?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions that electrically couple cells

Question 6

Which muscle is the prime mover for jaw closure during mastication?

Accepted Answer

Temporalis

Question 7

A muscle that assists the prime mover by stabilizing a bone or joint is called a:

Accepted Answer

Fixator

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the arrangement and function of smooth muscle layers in the wall of a hollow organ such as the intestine?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal layer contracts to shorten the organ; circular layer contracts to constrict the lumen.

Question 9

Which equation best represents the mechanical advantage of a lever system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

$$MA = \frac{	ext{effort arm}}{	ext{load arm}}$$

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter effect is possible in smooth muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

A neurotransmitter can have a stimulatory effect in one organ and an inhibitory effect in another.

Question 11

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for extending the thigh and flexing the leg during the backswing phase of walking?

Accepted Answer

Hamstrings

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the pelvic diaphragm?

Accepted Answer

Supports pelvic organs and helps release feces

Question 13

During muscle contraction, which factor will result in the greatest increase in force generated by a skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the number of motor units recruited

Question 14

Which muscle is responsible for dorsiflexion of the ankle?

Accepted Answer

Extensor digitorum longus

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of gap junctions in smooth muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

They allow for rapid transmission of action potentials between adjacent cells.

Question 16

Which muscle is a prime mover for flexion of the forearm at the elbow?

Accepted Answer

Biceps brachii

Question 17

A muscle that opposes the action of a prime mover is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

Antagonist

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the arrangement of muscle fibers in a pennate muscle?

Accepted Answer

Fibers are arranged at an angle to the tendon, allowing for greater force production.

Question 19

Which muscle is primarily responsible for plantar flexion of the ankle?

Accepted Answer

Gastrocnemius

Nurs 1002-Obj #10

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