Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To transmit electrical and chemical signals for communication, integration, and control of body functions

Question 2

A patient suffers damage to the myelin sheath in the central nervous system. Which neuroglial cell is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 3

Which equation best represents the calculation of the resting membrane potential ($$V_{m}) in $$neurons?

Accepted Answer

$$V_{m} = \frac{RT}{F} \ln \left( \frac{P_{K}[K^+]_{out} + P_{Na}[Na^+]_{out} + P_{Cl}[Cl^-]_{in}}{P_{K}[K^+]_{in} + P_{Na}[Na^+]_{in} + P_{Cl}[Cl^-]_{out}} \right)$$

Question 4

Which of the following best distinguishes a nucleus from a ganglion?

Accepted Answer

A nucleus is a cluster of neuron cell bodies in the central nervous system, while a ganglion is in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 5

A patient presents with a loss of sensation in the skin but retains motor function. Which type of neuron is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar sensory neuron

Question 6

Which of the following is a major difference between graded potentials and action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials decrease in strength with distance, while action potentials do not.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from one node of Ranvier to the next, increasing conduction speed

Question 8

Which type of membrane ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated channel

Question 9

During the absolute refractory period, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

No action potential can be generated regardless of stimulus strength

Question 10

Which structural component of a neuron is primarily responsible for receiving signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Question 11

A nerve is to the peripheral nervous system as a tract is to the central nervous system. Which statement best explains this analogy?

Accepted Answer

Both are bundles of axons, but nerves are in the PNS and tracts are in the CNS

Question 12

Which neuroglial cell is responsible for phagocytosis of pathogens and debris in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Microglia

Question 13

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the function of the myelin sheath?

Accepted Answer

A neuron transmits signals rapidly by allowing action potentials to jump between nodes of Ranvier

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the electrochemical basis of the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

The membrane is more permeable to $$K^+$$ than $$Na^+$$, leading to a negative charge inside the cell

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a graded potential?

Accepted Answer

A postsynaptic potential generated at a dendrite

Question 16

Which of the following best explains how action potentials are propagated along neurons?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials are generated at the axon hillock and move by opening voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels sequentially along the axon

Question 17

During the relative refractory period, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A second action potential can be generated if the stimulus is stronger than usual

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the structural classification of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neurons have one axon and multiple dendrites

Question 19

A patient with multiple sclerosis experiences slowed nerve conduction. Which process is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction

Question 20

Which of the following is a functional division of the nervous system responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Chapter 11: Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue – Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards