Question 1

Which of the following best describes the integrative function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Processing sensory information and making decisions about appropriate responses

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts communication between the brain and the lower limbs. Which division of the nervous system is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system

Question 3

Which structural component of a neuron is primarily responsible for receiving incoming signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrite

Question 4

A neuron with one axon and one dendrite extending from opposite ends of the cell body is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Bipolar

Question 5

Which type of neuroglia forms the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 6

What is the primary function of the myelin sheath?

Accepted Answer

To increase the speed of nerve impulse conduction

Question 7

Which of the following correctly differentiates a nucleus from a ganglion?

Accepted Answer

A nucleus is a cluster of neuron cell bodies in the central nervous system, while a ganglion is in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 8

Which type of membrane ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated channel

Question 9

The resting membrane potential of a typical neuron is approximately $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}. $$Which of the following best explains this value?

Accepted Answer

There is a higher concentration of $$\mathrm{K}^+$$ inside the cell and $$\mathrm{Na}^+$$ outside, with the membrane more permeable to $$\mathrm{K}^+$$

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a graded potential?

Accepted Answer

Postsynaptic potential in a dendrite

Question 11

Which statement best compares graded potentials and action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials decrease in strength with distance, while action potentials do not

Question 12

Which sequence best describes the generation and propagation of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, return to resting potential

Question 13

During which period can a neuron NOT generate another action potential, regardless of stimulus strength?

Accepted Answer

Absolute refractory period

Question 14

Saltatory conduction is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next

Question 15

A demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis primarily affects which aspect of neural function?

Accepted Answer

The speed and efficiency of action potential propagation

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between a nerve and a tract?

Accepted Answer

A nerve is a bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system, while a tract is in the central nervous system.

Question 17

A patient is exposed to a neurotoxin that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels. What is the most likely effect on neuronal function?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials cannot be generated

Question 18

Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential for potassium ($$\mathrm{K}^+) $$ions?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{K} = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[K^+]_{	ext{outside}}}{[K^+]_{	ext{inside}}} ight)$$

Question 19

A neuron receives two subthreshold excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in rapid succession at the same synapse. What is this phenomenon called, and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Temporal summation; increases the likelihood of reaching threshold

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why action potentials travel in only one direction along an axon?

Accepted Answer

The absolute refractory period prevents the reopening of voltage-gated sodium channels behind the action potential

Chapter 11: Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue – Study Guide

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