Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three main functions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input, integration, and motor output

Question 2

A patient is unable to voluntarily move their right arm but can still feel sensations in it. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic motor division of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 3

Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes between neuroglia and neurons?

Accepted Answer

Neuroglia support and protect neurons, while neurons transmit electrical signals.

Question 4

Which neuroglia is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 5

A neuron with one axon and one dendrite extending from opposite sides of the cell body is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Bipolar neuron

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between myelinated and nonmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelinated axons conduct action potentials faster due to saltatory conduction.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct statement about the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is typically around $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}$$ and is maintained by the sodium-potassium pump.

Question 8

Which type of ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated channel

Question 9

During which phase of the action potential does the membrane potential become more negative than the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Hyperpolarization

Question 10

A voltmeter is used to measure the membrane potential of a neuron. If the inside of the neuron is $$-70\ \mathrm{mV}$$ relative to the outside, what does this indicate about the neuron's state?

Accepted Answer

The neuron is at resting membrane potential and is polarized.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the propagation of an action potential in a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

The action potential jumps from node to node, a process called saltatory conduction.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Forming the myelin sheath

Question 13

A person with multiple sclerosis (MS) is experiencing muscle weakness and vision problems. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of myelin sheaths in the CNS by the immune system

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements, while the autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Resting state $$\rightarrow$$ depolarization $$\rightarrow$$ repolarization $$\rightarrow$$ hyperpolarization

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a graded potential?

Accepted Answer

A local change in membrane potential that decreases with distance from the stimulus

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the functional classification of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neurons transmit impulses toward the CNS, motor neurons transmit impulses away from the CNS, and interneurons connect neurons within the CNS.

Question 18

A patient is diagnosed with a disorder affecting Schwann cells. Which of the following would most likely be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Myelination of axons in the PNS

Question 19

Which of the following best defines a concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

A difference in the concentration of a substance across a membrane

Question 20

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the application of the nervous system's integration function?

Accepted Answer

A person sees a red light, processes the information, and decides to stop their car.

Chapter 11: Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue - Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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