Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three main functions of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input, integration, and motor output

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of voluntary muscle control but retains involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 3

Which neuroglia cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 4

What is the primary difference between neuroglia and neurons?

Accepted Answer

Neuroglia support and protect neurons, while neurons transmit electrical signals

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a multipolar neuron?

Accepted Answer

A neuron with one axon and multiple dendrites

Question 6

Which equation best represents the concentration gradient across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta C = C_{outside} - C_{inside}$$

Question 7

A neuron is measured with a voltmeter and shows a membrane potential of $$-70\ 	ext{mV}. $$What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The neuron is at its resting membrane potential and is polarized

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between graded potentials and action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials are local and decrease with distance, while action potentials are propagated and maintain strength

Question 9

During the propagation of an action potential in a myelinated axon, which process occurs?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction, where the action potential jumps from node to node

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

Resting state, depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization

Question 11

A patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) is experiencing muscle weakness and vision problems. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune destruction of myelin sheaths in the CNS

Question 12

Which type of ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated channel

Question 13

Which neuron type is primarily responsible for transmitting information from sensory receptors to the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Sensory (afferent) neuron

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of Schwann cells?

Accepted Answer

Forming myelin sheaths around axons in the PNS

Question 15

If a neuron undergoes hyperpolarization, what happens to its membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

The membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential

Question 16

Which formula would you use to calculate the membrane potential using the Nernst equation for a single ion?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{outside}}{[	ext{ion}]_{inside}} ight)$$

Question 17

A neuron in the CNS has a cell body located in a cluster called a nucleus. What is the equivalent structure in the PNS?

Accepted Answer

Ganglion

Question 18

Which scenario best illustrates the function of an interneuron?

Accepted Answer

A neuron relaying information between sensory and motor neurons within the CNS

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to neurons compared to other cell types?

Accepted Answer

Ability to generate and propagate electrical impulses

Question 20

A patient with MS is treated with immunosuppressive drugs. What is the primary goal of this treatment?

Accepted Answer

To reduce the immune system's attack on myelin sheaths

Chapter 11: Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue - Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards