Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

To control and communicate information using electrical and chemical signals

Question 2

A person touches a hot stove and quickly pulls their hand away. Which sequence correctly describes the nervous system's response?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input → Integration → Motor output

Question 3

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for conducting impulses from the central nervous system to skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Somatic motor division

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of neuroglia (glial cells)?

Accepted Answer

Transmitting electrical signals

Question 5

Which type of glial cell is responsible for forming myelin sheaths around axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, a disease that damages myelin sheaths. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Loss of vision, muscle control, and possible paralysis

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the resting membrane potential of a neuron is negative?

Accepted Answer

There are more leaky K+ channels than Na+ channels, and the Na+/K+ pump moves 3 Na+ out for every 2 K+ in

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the electrochemical gradient for an ion?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{ion} = E_{chemical} + E_{electrical}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding action potentials?

Accepted Answer

They are all-or-none events that always have the same magnitude

Question 10

A neuron receives a weak stimulus that does not reach threshold. What type of potential is generated, and what is its fate?

Accepted Answer

Graded potential; it may fade out and not trigger an action potential

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the Na+/K+ pump in neurons?

Accepted Answer

It maintains the resting membrane potential by pumping 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in

Question 12

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of parallel processing in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A single sensory input triggering multiple responses, such as a smell evoking memories and emotions

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about neurotransmitter removal from the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters are removed by enzyme degradation, reabsorption, or diffusion

Question 14

A patient is given a drug that blocks acetylcholinesterase. What is the expected effect at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

Increased acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, leading to prolonged muscle contraction

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar neurons?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neurons have three or more processes, bipolar have two, and unipolar have a single short process

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a convergent neural circuit?

Accepted Answer

Multiple sensory neurons synapsing onto a single interneuron

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows for saltatory conduction, where action potentials jump between nodes of Ranvier

Question 18

A patient is exposed to curare, which blocks acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. What is the likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Muscle paralysis due to failure of neurotransmission

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of microglial cells in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They act as defensive cells, removing debris and pathogens

Chapter 11: Nervous System and Nervous Tissue – Structure and Function

Study Guide - Practice Questions