Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of depolarization during the generation of an action potential in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated sodium channels open, allowing Na\^+ to enter the cell, making the inside more positive.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, a disease that damages myelin sheaths in the CNS. Which type of neuroglial cell is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 3

Which of the following best distinguishes between nuclei and ganglia in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Nuclei are clusters of neuron cell bodies in the CNS, while ganglia are in the PNS.

Question 4

A neuron with one axon and one dendrite extending from opposite sides of the cell body is classified as which type?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Controlling the chemical environment around neurons and supporting and bracing neurons

Question 6

During the repolarization phase of an action potential, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated potassium channels open and K\^+ exits the cell.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of microglial cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They act as immune defense cells, phagocytizing microorganisms and debris.

Question 8

A researcher is studying the effects of a toxin that blocks acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. What is the most likely physiological outcome?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of muscle contraction due to failure of synaptic transmission.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between nerves and tracts?

Accepted Answer

Nerves are bundles of axons in the PNS, while tracts are in the CNS.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

Action potential arrives at the presynaptic terminal, neurotransmitter is released, and binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane.

Question 11

A patient has a tumor compressing the dorsal root ganglia. Which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input from the periphery to the CNS

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

They line the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord and help circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of unipolar neurons?

Accepted Answer

They have a single process that divides into two branches, functioning as both axon and dendrite.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of satellite cells?

Accepted Answer

They surround neuron cell bodies in the PNS and help regulate their environment.

Question 15

A person touches a hot stove and quickly withdraws their hand. Which type of neuron is primarily responsible for transmitting the sensory information from the hand to the spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Sensory neuron

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic division prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses.

Question 18

A nerve impulse travels faster in myelinated axons than in unmyelinated axons. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheaths allow for saltatory conduction, where the action potential jumps between nodes of Ranvier.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of oligodendrocytes?

Accepted Answer

They form myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS.

Question 20

A patient is unable to voluntarily move their right arm, but can still feel sensations in it. Which part of the nervous system is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Motor division of the PNS

Chapter 11: Nervous System Fundamentals – Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards