Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

To serve as the integration and command center for the body

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the transmission of impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 3

Which of the following statements about neuroglia is correct?

Accepted Answer

They surround and wrap neurons, providing support and insulation

Question 4

Which type of neuron is most commonly found in the human body and is characterized by one axon and two or more dendrites?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 5

During the generation of an action potential, which event occurs immediately after the membrane depolarizes to threshold?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated Na$$^+$$ channels open

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction allows action potentials to jump between nodes of Ranvier

Question 7

A neurotransmitter causes hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane. What is the likely effect on the postsynaptic neuron?

Accepted Answer

It will be less likely to generate an action potential

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

Action potential arrives at axon terminal, Ca$$^{2+}$$ channels open, neurotransmitter is released

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the 'all-or-none' phenomenon of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials only occur if the membrane is depolarized to threshold

Question 10

A patient is unable to consciously control their skeletal muscles. Which part of the nervous system is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the chemical environment around neurons

Question 12

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction and is degraded by acetylcholinesterase?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 13

A single presynaptic neuron fires rapidly and repeatedly, causing the postsynaptic neuron to reach threshold. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Temporal summation

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between white matter and gray matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

White matter consists mainly of myelinated fibers; gray matter consists of neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the classification of nerve fibers?

Accepted Answer

Group C fibers are unmyelinated and have the smallest diameter

Question 16

A patient is exposed to a toxin that blocks voltage-gated Na$$^+$$ channels. What effect would this have on the generation of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials would not be generated

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a converging neural circuit?

Accepted Answer

Multiple sensory inputs leading to a single memory

Question 19

Which of the following equations best represents the change in membrane potential during the depolarization phase of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta V_m = V_{Na^+\ influx} - V_{rest}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the removal of neurotransmitters from the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters can be removed by diffusion, reuptake, or enzymatic degradation

Chapter 11: The Nervous System – Structure and Function

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