Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

To act as the integration and command center for the body

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the transmission of impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 3

Which of the following statements about myelin sheaths is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are formed by Schwann cells in the PNS and oligodendrocytes in the CNS

Question 4

During an action potential, which event occurs immediately after depolarization?

Accepted Answer

Repolarization due to opening of K$^+$ channels

Question 5

A neuron receives multiple excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in rapid succession from a single presynaptic neuron. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Temporal summation

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why action potentials are considered 'all-or-none' events?

Accepted Answer

They only occur if the membrane is depolarized to threshold

Question 7

Which type of neuroglia is responsible for forming the blood-brain barrier and supporting neurons in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 8

A patient is unable to regulate heart rate and digestion after a traumatic event. Which branch of the nervous system is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nervous system

Question 9

Which of the following equations best represents the change in membrane potential during the depolarization phase of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

$\Delta V_m = V_{Na^+\ influx} - V_{rest}$

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct pairing of neuron structure and function?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron – most common type in the CNS

Question 11

A neurotransmitter causes hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane. What is the likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of action potential formation (IPSP)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from one node of Ranvier to the next

Question 13

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction and degraded by acetylcholinesterase?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 14

A patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) experiences slowed nerve conduction. Which of the following best explains this symptom?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of myelin sheaths in the CNS

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of interneurons?

Accepted Answer

Integrate and process information within the CNS

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the coding of stimulus intensity in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Stronger stimuli increase the frequency of action potentials

Question 17

A patient is exposed to a toxin that blocks voltage-gated Na$^+$ channels. What is the most likely effect on neuronal function?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials will not be generated

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a converging neural circuit?

Accepted Answer

Many inputs, one output

Question 19

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between conduction velocity ($v$), axon diameter ($d$), and myelination?

Accepted Answer

$v \propto d$ and increases with myelination

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct example of parallel processing in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A smell triggering both a memory and a physical response

Chapter 11: The Nervous System – Structure, Function, and Cellular Organization

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