Q: Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the frequency of action potentials ($$f) $$and the intensity of a stimulus ($$I) in $$the nervous system?

$$f = k \times I$$, where $$k is a $$proportionality constant

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

To serve as the integration and command center for the body

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that disrupts the transmission of impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles. Which division of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 3

Which of the following statements about neuroglia is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Neuroglia insulate neurons and promote their health and growth

Question 4

Which type of glial cell is responsible for forming the myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocyte

Question 5

A neuron receives multiple excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in rapid succession from a single presynaptic neuron. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Temporal summation

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheath allows for saltatory conduction, where action potentials jump between nodes of Ranvier

Question 7

Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction and is degraded by acetylcholinesterase?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 8

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness due to a lack of neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction. Which enzyme is most likely overactive in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholinesterase

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct pairing of neuron structure and function?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron – most common type in the CNS

Question 10

During the generation of an action potential, which event occurs immediately after depolarization?

Accepted Answer

Repolarization due to opening of K$$^+$$ channels

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the 'all-or-none' phenomenon of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials only occur if the membrane is depolarized to threshold

Question 12

A patient has a demyelinating disease affecting the CNS. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Slowed or blocked nerve impulse conduction

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring neurons to capillaries and controlling the chemical environment

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between EPSPs and IPSPs?

Accepted Answer

EPSPs increase the likelihood of an action potential, while IPSPs decrease it

Question 15

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the frequency of action potentials ($$f) $$and the intensity of a stimulus ($$I) in $$the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

$$f = k 	imes I$$, where $$k is a $$proportionality constant

Question 16

A patient is unable to consciously control their skeletal muscles. Which part of the nervous system is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 17

Which of the following best describes saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from one node of Ranvier to the next

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct example of a converging neural circuit?

Accepted Answer

Multiple sensory inputs leading to a single memory

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why neurotransmitter effects are terminated quickly at the synapse?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters are rapidly degraded, reabsorbed, or diffuse away from the synaptic cleft

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between white matter and gray matter in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

White matter consists of myelinated fibers; gray matter consists mostly of neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers

Chapter 11: The Nervous System – Structure, Function, and Histology

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