Q: Which equation correctly represents the action of the sodium-potassium exchange pump?

$$3\ \mathrm{Na}^+_{\text{in}} + 2\ \mathrm{K}^+_{\text{out}} + \mathrm{ATP} \rightarrow 3\ \mathrm{Na}^+_{\text{out}} + 2\ \mathrm{K}^+_{\text{in}} + \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

To process and coordinate sensory data, motor commands, and higher functions such as intelligence and emotion

Question 2

A patient suffers a spinal cord injury that damages only the efferent division of their peripheral nervous system. Which of the following symptoms would you expect?

Accepted Answer

Loss of voluntary and involuntary muscle control

Question 3

Which type of neuroglia is primarily responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the action of the sodium-potassium exchange pump?

Accepted Answer

$$3\ \mathrm{Na}^+_{	ext{in}} + 2\ \mathrm{K}^+_{	ext{out}} + \mathrm{ATP} ightarrow 3\ \mathrm{Na}^+_{	ext{out}} + 2\ \mathrm{K}^+_{	ext{in}} + \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i$$

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE regarding saltatory propagation of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

It occurs in myelinated axons and is faster than continuous propagation.

Question 6

A neuron receives two simultaneous stimuli at different locations on its dendrites, resulting in a larger depolarization. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Spatial summation

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why the resting membrane potential of a neuron is close to the equilibrium potential for potassium ($$E_K = -90\ \mathrm{mV}$$)?

Accepted Answer

The membrane is highly permeable to potassium ions.

Question 8

Which of the following neurotransmitters is most important for memory and learning in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Question 9

A patient is exposed to the poison strychnine, which blocks glycine receptors. What is the most likely effect on their nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled muscle contractions due to loss of inhibition

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They form myelin sheaths around axons, aiding in nerve regeneration.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about the all-or-none principle of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Any stimulus that reaches threshold will produce an identical action potential.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of microglia in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Migrating through nervous tissue to clean up debris and pathogens

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the effect of an inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)?

Accepted Answer

It causes hyperpolarization, making it less likely for an action potential to occur.

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE about the propagation speed of action potentials in different types of axons?

Accepted Answer

Type A fibers are myelinated, have large diameters, and transmit information the fastest.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the enteric nervous system (ENS)?

Accepted Answer

It initiates and coordinates visceral reflexes in the digestive tract, often independently of the CNS.

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct effect of acetylcholine (ACh) at a chemical synapse?

Accepted Answer

Opening chemically gated ion channels

Question 17

A neuron is exposed to a drug that blocks voltage-gated sodium channels. What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

The neuron will be unable to generate action potentials.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why synaptic delay occurs at chemical synapses?

Accepted Answer

Time is required for calcium influx and neurotransmitter release.

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of graded potentials?

Accepted Answer

Their effect decreases with distance from the site of stimulation.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on synaptic transmission?

Accepted Answer

They inhibit the reuptake of serotonin, increasing its concentration in the synaptic cleft.

Chapter 12: Nervous Tissue – Structured Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards