Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between the afferent and efferent divisions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Afferent division carries sensory information from receptors to the CNS, while efferent division carries motor commands from the CNS to effectors.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of neuroglia in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Transmitting action potentials between neurons

Question 3

A patient is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, a disease that causes demyelination. What effect would this have on the speed of action potential transmission?

Accepted Answer

Action potential transmission would slow down because myelin is necessary for rapid propagation.

Question 4

Which neuron structure is primarily responsible for receiving incoming signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Question 5

Why are neurons unable to undergo mitosis and regenerate after injury?

Accepted Answer

Neurons do not have centrioles, which are essential for mitosis.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium/potassium pump in a resting neuron?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports 3 Na$$^+$$ ions out and 2 K$$^+$$ ions in, maintaining the resting membrane potential.

Question 7

What is the typical resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$-70\ 	ext{mV}$$

Question 8

During depolarization of a neuron, which ionic movement occurs and what initiates this process?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ions enter the cell, initiated by opening of voltage-gated Na$$^+$$ channels.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why repair of damaged PNS neurons is more likely than repair of CNS neurons?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells in the PNS form regeneration tubes that guide axon regrowth.

Question 10

Which of the following is true regarding the propagation of action potentials in myelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials jump from node to node in a process called saltatory propagation.

Question 11

A neuron receives multiple excitatory and inhibitory inputs. Which process describes the integration of these signals to determine whether an action potential will be generated?

Accepted Answer

Summation of EPSPs and IPSPs at the axon hillock

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between graded potentials and action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials decrease in strength as they spread, while action potentials are propagated without decrement.

Question 13

Which neurotransmitter is released at cholinergic synapses?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 14

At a chemical synapse, which ion enters the axon terminal to trigger the release of neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Ca$$^{2+}$$

Question 15

Which enzyme breaks down acetylcholine (ACh) into choline and acetate at the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholinesterase

Question 16

Which of the following is a structural classification of neurons characterized by a single elongated process with the cell body off to one side, commonly found in sensory neurons of the PNS?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar neuron

Question 17

Which type of axoplasmic transport is associated with the rabies virus, and what is the outcome of rabies infection?

Accepted Answer

Retrograde transport; rabies leads to fatal encephalitis.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of opening a potassium channel on the membrane potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Hyperpolarization

Question 19

Which fiber type propagates action potentials the fastest, and which is unmyelinated?

Accepted Answer

Type A fibers are fastest; Type C fibers are unmyelinated.

Question 20

A neuron is exposed to a stimulus that causes the membrane potential to change from $$-70\ 	ext{mV} to$$ $$-60\ 	ext{mV}. $$What type of postsynaptic potential is this, and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP); increases likelihood of action potential.

Chapter 12 Nervous Tissue Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

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