Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of lymphatic vessels in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They pick up excess fluid (lymph) from tissues and return it to the blood.

Question 2

A patient presents with swelling in the lower limbs due to fluid accumulation. Which structural feature of lymphatic capillaries is most responsible for allowing excess tissue fluid to enter the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Flaplike minivalves in the endothelial cells

Question 3

Which lymphoid organ is primarily responsible for destroying worn-out blood cells and acting as a blood reservoir?

Accepted Answer

Spleen

Question 4

During an infection, which defense cell within lymph nodes is most likely to engulf and destroy bacteria and viruses?

Accepted Answer

Macrophages

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen?

Accepted Answer

Producing insulin for blood sugar regulation

Question 6

A child develops tonsillitis after a bacterial infection. What is the primary role of the tonsils in the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

To trap and remove bacteria and other foreign pathogens

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why fever can be beneficial during an infection?

Accepted Answer

Fever inhibits the release of iron and zinc, which are needed by bacteria, and increases the speed of repair processes.

Question 8

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to the adaptive (specific) defense system compared to the innate (nonspecific) defense system?

Accepted Answer

It recognizes and acts against particular foreign substances and has memory.

Question 9

Which immunoglobulin class is most abundant in plasma and can cross the placental barrier?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 10

A patient receives a tissue graft from a genetically identical twin. What type of graft is this?

Accepted Answer

Isograft

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of phagocytosis by a macrophage?

Accepted Answer

The macrophage engulfs pathogens, fuses the phagocytic vesicle with a lysosome, and digests the contents.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a sentinel to protect respiratory and digestive tracts.

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the activation of complement proteins?

Accepted Answer

Complement proteins are activated when they encounter and attach to cells, forming membrane attack complexes (MAC) that lyse target cells.

Question 14

Which cell type is responsible for producing antibodies in the humoral immune response?

Accepted Answer

Plasma cells (descendants of B cells)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of interferons in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Interferons are small proteins secreted by virus-infected cells that bind to healthy cell membranes and interfere with viral multiplication.

Question 16

Which of the following is a key difference between B cells and T cells in the adaptive immune system?

Accepted Answer

B cells secrete antibodies, while T cells fight antigens directly.

Question 17

A patient is exposed to a pathogen for the second time. Which aspect of the adaptive immune system allows for a more rapid and stronger response?

Accepted Answer

Immunological memory

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of artificially acquired passive humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

Injection of donated antibodies (gamma globulin)

Question 19

Which immunoglobulin class is most associated with allergic reactions and immediate hypersensitivity?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Question 20

A patient develops a delayed hypersensitivity reaction after exposure to poison ivy. Which immune cells are primarily involved in this response?

Accepted Answer

T cells, macrophages, and cytokines

Chapter 12: The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses – Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards