Question 1

Which layer of a blood vessel wall is primarily responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

Accepted Answer

Tunica media

Question 2

A patient with polycythemia is likely to have increased vascular resistance due to which property of blood?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood viscosity

Question 3

During heavy exercise, which physiological change occurs to ensure adequate blood supply to skeletal muscles?

Accepted Answer

Extensive vasodilation and increased cardiac output

Question 4

Which equation best represents the relationship between blood flow ($$F$$), pressure difference ($$\Delta P$$), and resistance ($$R$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$F = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$$

Question 5

Which vessel type is most directly involved in the exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes between blood and tissues?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries

Question 6

A patient presents with swelling in the lower legs due to venous valve deterioration. What is the most likely condition?

Accepted Answer

Varicose veins

Question 7

If a person’s systolic blood pressure is 130 mmHg and diastolic is 85 mmHg, what is their pulse pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$130 - 85 = 45$$ mmHg

Question 8

Which mechanism assists venous return to the heart during physical activity?

Accepted Answer

Compression of skeletal muscles

Question 9

What is the primary function of the hepatic portal system?

Accepted Answer

Transport nutrient-laden blood from digestive organs to the liver for processing

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the effect of vasoconstriction on blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Increases blood pressure by decreasing vessel diameter

Question 11

Which hormone is released during hemorrhage to promote fluid retention and reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 12

What is the main difference between elastic arteries and muscular arteries?

Accepted Answer

Elastic arteries have more elastic fibers and fewer muscle cells in the tunica media

Question 13

Which of the following is a consequence of aging on the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Reduced maximum cardiac output

Question 14

A patient with atherosclerotic plaques in their arteries is at increased risk for which complication?

Accepted Answer

Turbulence and thrombus formation

Question 15

Which reflex responds to changes in blood pH, $$O_2$$, and $$CO_2$$ concentrations to coordinate cardiovascular and respiratory activities?

Accepted Answer

Chemoreceptor reflex

Question 16

In fetal circulation, which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus?

Accepted Answer

Umbilical vein

Question 17

Which process is primarily responsible for moving water and small solutes out of capillaries at the arterial end?

Accepted Answer

Filtration driven by hydrostatic pressure

Question 18

If capillaries filter more fluid than they reabsorb, where does the excess fluid go?

Accepted Answer

It enters the lymphatic vessels

Question 19

Which equation correctly calculates pulse pressure ($$PP) $$given systolic ($$SP) $$and diastolic ($$DP) $$pressures?

Accepted Answer

$$PP = SP - DP$$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of baroreceptors in blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

They monitor stretch in vessel walls and trigger neural responses to adjust cardiac output and vessel diameter

Chapter 13: The Cardiovascular System – Blood Vessels and Circulation (BIO 145 Study Notes)

Study Guide - Practice Questions