Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system in terms of response speed and duration?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system responds rapidly but its effects are brief, while the endocrine system responds more slowly and its effects last longer.

Question 2

A patient suffers damage to the spinal cord. Which subdivision of the nervous system is directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system (CNS)

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of astrocytes in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Producing cerebrospinal fluid

Question 4

Which type of neuron is most commonly associated with sensory neurons?

Accepted Answer

Pseudounipolar neuron

Question 5

Afferent division of the peripheral nervous system carries information from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Receptors to the central nervous system

Question 6

Which glial cell type is responsible for myelinating axons in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why myelinated axons conduct impulses faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

Myelin allows action potentials to jump between nodes of Ranvier, a process called saltatory conduction.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of neuroglia but NOT of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Acting as phagocytes

Question 9

A person touches a hot stove and immediately withdraws their hand. Which division of the nervous system is primarily responsible for this rapid, voluntary response?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system (SNS)

Question 10

Which of the following correctly matches the receptor type with the information it monitors?

Accepted Answer

Interoceptors: sensations of deep pressure and pain as well as taste

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It carries motor commands from the CNS to muscles and glands.

Question 12

Which equation best represents the relationship between the rate of nerve impulse conduction ($$v) $$and axon diameter ($$d) in $$myelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

$$v = k 	imes d$$

Question 13

Which of the following neural circuit organizations is most likely involved in rhythmic activities such as breathing?

Accepted Answer

Reverberation

Question 14

Which of the following statements about synaptic communication is correct?

Accepted Answer

Synaptic communication can occur between neurons, muscle cells, and gland cells.

Question 15

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting oligodendrocytes. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Impaired myelination in the central nervous system

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the functional classification of neurons?

Accepted Answer

Interneurons are typically multipolar.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of neural regeneration after injury in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells form a regeneration tube that guides the regrowth of axons.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the flow of information in a typical multipolar neuron?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites → Cell body → Axon → Terminal boutons

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of a breakdown in the blood-brain barrier maintained by astrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled entry of substances from the blood into the CNS, potentially leading to neurotoxicity.

Chapter 13: The Nervous System – Neural Tissue (Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes)

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