Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between sensation and perception in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sensation is the conscious or subconscious awareness of changes in the environment, while perception is the conscious interpretation of those sensations by the cerebral cortex.

Question 2

A patient presents with numbness and tingling in the fingers, especially at night. Physical examination reveals decreased sensation in the lateral three and a half fingers. Which nerve and plexus are most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Median nerve, brachial plexus

Question 3

Which cranial nerve is responsible for both taste sensation from the posterior third of the tongue and regulation of blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why pain from a heart attack is often felt in the left arm?

Accepted Answer

Somatic and visceral sensory neurons from the heart and left arm converge on the same spinal cord segments, leading to referred pain.

Question 5

Which type of sensory receptor is most likely to adapt rapidly to a constant stimulus, such as the feeling of clothing on your skin?

Accepted Answer

Phasic receptor

Question 6

A patient is unable to move their tongue properly and has difficulty with speech articulation. Which cranial nerve is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding spinal nerves?

Accepted Answer

Spinal nerves are mixed nerves, carrying both afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) fibers.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of proprioceptors?

Accepted Answer

They monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints.

Question 9

A patient presents with facial paralysis and loss of taste sensation on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Which cranial nerve is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Facial nerve (VII)

Question 10

Which of the following is a monosynaptic reflex that helps maintain muscle length and posture?

Accepted Answer

Stretch reflex (e.g., patellar reflex)

Question 11

Which cranial nerve is the only one to extend beyond the head and neck into the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

Accepted Answer

Vagus nerve (X)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the phrenic nerve?

Accepted Answer

It controls the diaphragm and is essential for breathing.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a general sense?

Accepted Answer

Vision

Question 14

A patient steps on a tack with their right foot. Which reflex will cause the left leg to extend and support the body weight?

Accepted Answer

Crossed extensor reflex

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of the dorsal (posterior) root of a spinal nerve?

Accepted Answer

It carries sensory information into the spinal cord.

Question 16

Which cranial nerve is responsible for hearing and equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of nociceptors?

Accepted Answer

They are free nerve endings that detect pain.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why shingles causes a painful rash in a specific region of the skin?

Accepted Answer

The virus remains dormant in the dorsal root ganglia and reactivates, affecting the dermatome served by the infected nerve.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about the organization of the four major plexuses formed by the ventral rami of spinal nerves?

Accepted Answer

The cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses innervate the neck, upper limbs, and lower limbs.

Question 20

Which equation best represents the process of sensory transduction in a receptor cell?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Stimulus} ightarrow 	ext{Electrical potential change in receptor} ightarrow 	ext{Action potential generation}$$

Chapter 13: The Peripheral Nervous System and Reflex Activity – Sensory Receptors, Cranial and Spinal Nerves, and Reflexes

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